ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors in Regulating the Immune Response in Infectious Diseases: A Window of Opportunity to Pathogen Persistence and a Sound Target in Therapeutics.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dual Blockade of LILRB1 and LILRB2 Enhances Antiviral Immune Responses in SIV Infection.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Early Fc-effector antibody signatures impact COVID-19 disease trajectory.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Integrative serum metabolite prioritization and functional screening identify N-acetyl-L-glutamine as a protective candidate in premature ovarian insufficiency.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- LILRB1 Modulates Neutrophil Migration, NETosis, and Inflammation in Drug-ResistantInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Antibody-Mediated Inhibition of HLA/LILR Interactions Breaks Innate Immune Tolerance and Induces Antitumor Immunity.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- Comprehensive analysis of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor family in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Bighorn sheep T2T genome assembly reveals differences in immune genes: a potential cause of high morbidity due to respiratory pathogens.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction via hub genes identified by integrated weighted gene co-expression network analysis.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025Article
- Article
- NK Cells: A Powerful Squad Versus SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors, subfamily B (LILRBs) in human diseases: structure, roles, mechanisms, and clinical applications.Theranostics · 2025Review
- The LILRB family in hematologic malignancies: prognostic associations, mechanistic considerations, and therapeutic implications.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Dynamics of the blood plasma proteome during hyperacute HIV-1 infection.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Characterization of Freshly Isolated Human Peripheral Blood B Cells, Monocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells, and Skin Mast Cells by Quantitative Transcriptomics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Postmortem analyses of myocardial microRNA expression in sepsis.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- Cell-Int: a cell-cell interaction assay to identify native membrane protein interactions.Life science alliance · 2024Article
- Article
- CAR memory-like NK cells targeting the membrane proximal domain of mesothelin demonstrate promising activity in ovarian cancer.Science advances · 2024Article
- Therapeutic and immunomodulatory potentials of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and immune checkpoints related molecules.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- CLPs-miR-103a-2-5p inhibits proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis in AML cells by targeting LILRB3 and Nrf2/HO-1 axis, regulating CD8 + T cell response.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunoregulatory receptors are essential for orchestrating an immune response as well as appropriate inflammation in infectious and non-communicable diseases. Among them, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRs) consist of activating and inhibitory receptors that play an important role in regulating immune responses modulating the course of disease progression. On the one hand, inhibitory LILRs constitute a safe-guard system that mitigates the inflammatory response, allowing a prompt return to immune homeostasis. On the other hand, because of their unique capacity to attenuate immune responses, pathogens use inhibitory LILRs to evade immune recognition, thus facilitating their persistence within the host. Conversely, the engagement of activating LILRs triggers immune responses and the production of inflammatory mediators to fight microbes. However, their heightened activation could lead to an exacerbated immune response and persistent inflammation with major consequences on disease outcome and autoimmune disorders. Here, we review the genetic organisation, structure and ligands of LILRs as well as their role in regulating the immune response and inflammation. We also discuss the LILR-based strategies that pathogens use to evade immune responses. A better understanding of the contribution of LILRs to host-pathogen interactions is essential to define appropriate treatments to counteract the severity and/or persistence of pathogens in acute and chronic infectious diseases lacking efficient treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.