Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34594351›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in plant science2021

Challenges and Approaches to Crop Improvement Through C3-to-C4 Engineering.

Hongchang Cui

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in plant science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. The Promise of Synthetic Biology for Redesigning Plant Architecture.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Current issues in molecular biology · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Synthetic crassulacean acid metabolism (SynCAM) for improving water-use efficiency in plants.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. CBMC genomics · 2024
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Hongchang CuiDepartment of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With a rapidly growing world population and dwindling natural resources, we are now facing the enormous challenge of increasing crop yields while simultaneously improving the efficiency of resource utilization. Introduction of C4 photosynthesis into C3 crops is widely accepted as a key strategy to meet this challenge because C4 plants are more efficient than C3 plants in photosynthesis and resource usage, particularly in hot climates, where the potential for productivity is high. Lending support to the feasibility of this C3-to-C4 engineering, evidence indicates that C4 photosynthesis has evolved from C3 photosynthesis in multiple lineages. Nevertheless, C3-to-C4 engineering is not an easy task, as several features essential to C4 photosynthesis must be introduced into C3 plants. One such feature is the spatial separation of the two phases of photosynthesis (CO

Indexed as

C3C3-C4 engineeringC4crop improvementgene regulatory networksystems approach

Identifiers

PMID34594351
PMCPMC8476962

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.