ArticleExperimental and therapeutic medicine2021
Etomidate inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells via downregulating WWP2.
Article in Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-coding RNA in osteoarthritis: mechanistic insights and future perspectives.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Half the Chromosome It Used to Be: Identifying Cancer Treatments Targeting Aneuploid Losses.Genes · 2025Article
- Etomidate suppresses proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis in esophageal cancer cells via PI3K/AKT pathway inhibition.Cytotechnology · 2025Article
- Effects of perioperative anesthetics on the postoperative prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for cervical cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- The role of WWP1 and WWP2 in bone/cartilage development and diseases.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- Advances of E3 ligases in lung cancer.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2024Review
- Molecular authentication, metabolite profiling and in silico-in vitro cytotoxicity screening of endophytic3 Biotech · 2024Article
- WWP2 drives the progression of gastric cancer by facilitating the ubiquitination and degradation of LATS1 protein.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Article
- Network-based drug repurposing for HPV-associated cervical cancer.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2023Article
- The role of E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 and the regulation of PARP1 by ubiquitinated degradation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Cell death discovery · 2022Article
- Long-term effect of anesthesia choice on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing open liver resection.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Etomidate (ETO) is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic that has been reported to exert a tumor suppressive effect in several types of cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ETO on cell proliferation and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and elucidate its potential mechanism of action. Therefore, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of ETO (0, 1, 2 or 3 µg/ml) on A549 cell viability. In addition, the possible interaction between ETO and WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (WWP2) was predicted using the STITCH database. Additionally, a stable WWP2-overexpressing A549 cell line was constructed by transfecting A549 cells with the pcDNA3.1-WWP2 plasmid. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using colony formation and TUNEL assays, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 3 and cleaved-caspase 3 were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. In addition, the expression and phosphorylation levels of proliferation-associated genes (PCNA and Ki-67) and proteins in the PI3K/Akt pathway were analyzed by western blotting. The results showed that treatment with ETO attenuated the cell viability and proliferation of A549 cells. ETO also promoted cell apoptosis and decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, whilst increasing that of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved caspase 3 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, ETO was found to negatively regulate the expression of WWP2, such that WWP2 overexpression reversed the potentiating effects of ETO on cell apoptosis. In addition, ETO promoted the expression of PTEN and reduced the phosphorylation levels of the PI3K/AKT pathway-related proteins. These effects aforementioned could also be reversed by WWP2 overexpression. Therefore, data from the present study suggest that ETO can attenuate the progression of NSCLC through by the PI3K/AKT pathway, specifically by targeting WWP2. These findings may provide a novel target for the treatment of NSCLC.
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