Evidence mapPaperPMID 34609502Full record

ArticleCardiovascular research2022

Environmental risk factors and cardiovascular diseases: a comprehensive expert review.

Thomas Münzel, Omar Hahad, Mette Sørensen, Jos Lelieveld, Georg Daniel Duerr, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Andreas Daiber

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cardiovascular research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 161 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
161citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

161 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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101 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Thomas MünzelDepartment of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5503-4150
Omar HahadDepartment of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7823-7671
Mette SørensenWork, Environment and Cancer, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-7302-4789
Jos LelieveldAtmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6307-3846
Georg Daniel DuerrDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0310-6236
Mark NieuwenhuijsenInstitute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.
Andreas DaiberDepartment of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2769-0094

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are fatal for more than 38 million people each year and are thus the main contributors to the global burden of disease accounting for 70% of mortality. The majority of these deaths are caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD). The risk of NCDs is strongly associated with exposure to environmental stressors such as pollutants in the air, noise exposure, artificial light at night, and climate change, including heat extremes, desert storms, and wildfires. In addition to the traditional risk factors for CVD such as diabetes, arterial hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolaemia, and genetic predisposition, there is a growing body of evidence showing that physicochemical factors in the environment contribute significantly to the high NCD numbers. Furthermore, urbanization is associated with accumulation and intensification of these stressors. This comprehensive expert review will summarize the epidemiology and pathophysiology of environmental stressors with a focus on cardiovascular NCDs. We will also discuss solutions and mitigation measures to lower the impact of environmental risk factors with focus on CVD.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular SystemDiabetes MellitusNoncommunicable DiseasesHumansRisk FactorsAir pollutionCardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular risk factorsEnvironmental stressorsHeatLight pollutionNoiseOxidative stress

Identifiers

PMID34609502
PMCPMC9648835

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.