ReviewJournal of cell communication and signaling2022
Targeting of the tumor immune microenvironment by metformin.
Review in Journal of cell communication and signaling, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06686043 (A Phase 2 Study of HPV L1 Vaccine in Combination With Imiquimod and Metformin in Cervical, Vaginal, and Vulvar Cancers), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 2 Study of HPV L1 Vaccine in Combination With Imiquimod and Metformin in Cervical, Vaginal, and Vulvar Cancers
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic implications of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Guided immunotherapy for residual solid tumor: integrating platelets and CAR T cells to reduce post-surgical recurrence.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Metformin sensitizes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-mediated cytotoxicity by upregulating BTN3A1 and BTN2A1.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Metformin beyond Glycemic Control: New Mechanistic Insights and Expanding Therapeutic Horizons.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2026Review
- Bidirectional Interactions Between Immune Regulation and the Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in Oral Cancer: Epigenetic, Mitochondrial and Immunotherapy Approaches.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
- IL-18-Mediated Tumor Immune Evasion.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- The therapeutic value of antidiabetic drugs in lung cancer treatment: from clinical evidence to possible mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Metformin potentiates arsenic disulfide in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: modulation of BAX/BCL-2 apoptotic pathway and hedgehog pathway.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Metformin Beyond Diabetes: A Precision Gerotherapeutic and Immunometabolic Adjuvant for Aging and Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Tumor-educated cells in tumor microenvironment: Key drivers of immunotherapy resistance.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2025Article
- Presetting CAR-T cells during ex vivo biomanufacturing.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Pre-treatment endocrine-nutritional signatures predict clinical benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in hematologic malignancies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma: mechanisms, immune cell interactions, and the tumour microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Targeting AMPK for Cancer Therapy: Metabolic Reprogramming as a Therapeutic Strategy.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Anti-Diabetic Therapies and Cancer: From Bench to Bedside.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Repurposing metabolic regulators: antidiabetic drugs as anticancer agents.Molecular biomedicine · 2024Review
- [Metformin suppresses hypoxia-inducible factor-1Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2024Article
- An effective treatment approach of liposomally encapsulated metformin in colon cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Article
- The Metformin Immunoregulatory Actions in Tumor Suppression and Normal Tissues Protection.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stimulating antitumor immunity is an attractive idea for suppressing tumors. CD4 + and CD8 + T cells as well as natural killer cells (NK) are the primary antitumor immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In contrast to these cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) release several molecules to suppress antitumor immunity and stimulate cancer cell invasion and proliferation. Adjuvant treatment with certain nontoxic agents is interesting to boost antitumor immunity. Metformin, which is known as an antidiabetes drug, can modulate both antitumor and protumor immune cells within TME. It has the ability to induce the proliferation of CD8 + T lymphocytes and NK cells. On the other hand, metformin attenuates polarization toward TAMs, CAFs, and Tregs. Metformin also may stimulate the antitumor activity of immune system cells, while it interrupts the positive cross-talk and interactions between immunosuppressive cells and cancer cells. The purpose of this review is to explain the basic mechanisms for the interactions and communications between immunosuppressive, anti-tumoral, and cancer cells within TME. Next, we discuss the modulating effects of metformin on various cells and secretions in TME.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.