ArticleEBioMedicine2021
Early Biomarkers of Hypoxia and Inflammation and Two-Year Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in the Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection (PENUT) Trial.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Association of High-Dose Erythropoietin With Circulating Biomarkers and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Among Neonates With Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Secondary Analysis of the HEAL Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Inflammatory Biomarkers and Neurotrophic Factors in Preterm Newborns as Predictors of Motor Development: A Systematic Review.Pediatric reports · 2026Review
- Perinatal Treatment with Corticosteroids and Its Relation with Neurodevelopment in Premature Newborns: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective therapies in the NICU in preterm infants: present and future (Neonatal Neurocritical Care Series).Pediatric research · 2024Review
- Inflammation, sepsis severity and neurodevelopmental outcomes of late-onset sepsis in preterm neonates.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- New frontiers in neonatal red blood cell transfusion research.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Review
- Chorioamnionitis disrupts erythropoietin and melatonin homeostasis through the placental-fetal-brain axis during critical developmental periods.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Predicting the brain age of children with cerebral palsy using a two-dimensional convolutional neural networks prediction model without gray and white matter segmentation.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- The Effect of Erythropoietin and Its Derivatives on Ischemic Stroke Therapy: A Comprehensive Review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn the Preterm Erythropoietin (Epo) NeUroproTection (PENUT) Trial, potential biomarkers of neurological injury were measured to determine their association with outcomes at two years of age and whether Epo treatment decreased markers of inflammation in extremely preterm (<28 weeks' gestation) infants.
methodsPlasma Epo was measured (n=391 Epo, n=384 placebo) within 24h after birth (baseline), 30min after study drug administration (day 7), 30min before study drug (day 9), and on day 14. A subset of infants (n=113 Epo, n=107 placebo) had interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, Tau, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels evaluated at baseline, day 7 and 14. Infants were then evaluated at 2 years using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition (BSID-III).
findingsElevated baseline Epo was associated with increased risk of death or severe disability (BSID-III Motor and Cognitive subscales <70 or severe cerebral palsy). No difference in other biomarkers were seen between treatment groups at any time, though Epo appeared to mitigate the association between elevated baseline IL-6 and lower BSID-III scores in survivors. Elevated baseline, day 7 and 14 Tau concentrations were associated with worse BSID-III Cognitive, Motor, and Language skills at two years.
interpretationElevated Epo at baseline and elevated Tau in the first two weeks after birth predict poor outcomes in infants born extremely preterm. However, no clear prognostic cut-off values are apparent, and further work is required before these biomarkers can be widely implemented in clinical practice.
fundingPENUT was funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U01NS077955 and U01NS077953).
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.