ReviewWorld journal of diabetes2021
Diabetes and COVID-19: Role of insulin resistance as a risk factor for COVID-19 severity.
Review in World journal of diabetes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers Associated With Severe COVID-19 Among Populations With High Cardiometabolic Risk: A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Association of Composite Metabolic Indices With Incident Carotid Plaque: A Chinese Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Association of TyG with Survival and Metabolic Alterations in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome: A Single- Centre Retrospective Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Unraveling the Complexity of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Prognostic Significance of CRP/Albumin, D-Dimer/Albumin, D-Dimer/Fibrinogen Ratios and Triglyceride-Glucose Index in Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Prospective Observational Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Role of Galanin system and insulin resistance parameters as predictive tools for diagnosis of Long-COVID patients.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of COVID-19: a prospective cohort study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Adult Long Coronavirus Disease 2019: Definition, Prevalence Pathophysiology, and Clinical Manifestations.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Maximum insulin dose in patients admitted to the intensive care units with severe COVID-19 in the "Cross ICU Searchable Information System" study: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Observational
- The prognostic significance of insulin resistance in COVID-19: a review.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Impaired retinal oxygen metabolism and perfusion are accompanied by plasma protein and lipid alterations in recovered COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- COVID-19-Induced Diabetes Mellitus: Comprehensive Cellular and Molecular Mechanistic Insights.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2024Review
- COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: implications in pancreatic beta cells.Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2024Review
- Increased Insulin Requirements in Severe Cases of Covid-19 are Higher Than in Moderate Cases.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Antidiabetic Drug Efficacy in Reduction of Mortality during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Assessment of the Immune Response in Patients with Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Diabetes to COVID-19 Vaccination.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Insulin may increase disease severity and mortality of COVID-19 through NaJournal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Article
- Association of triglyceride-glucose index with vascular risk factors and clinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study in Mengo Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.The Pan African medical journal · 2023Article
- Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and carotid plaque incidence: a longitudinal study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Article
- Importance of Insulin Resistance in the COVID-19 Era: A Retrospective Analysis of a Single Center in Mexico.Cureus · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are more susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and as a consequence, develop more severe form of disease. This is partly due to a systemic inflammatory state and pro thrombotic milieu seen in metabolic syndrome. In this review, we attempt to explore the pathogenetic links between insulin resistance and COVID-19 disease severity. Insulin resistance is an underlying condition for metabolic syndromes, including type 2 diabetes, which impairs insulin signaling pathways affecting metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis. A high concentration of circulating insulin shifts the balance to mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent signaling and causes endothelial cell damage. The phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and MAPK dependent signaling pathways maintain a balance between nitric oxide-dependent vasodilator and endothelin-1 dependent vasoconstriction actions of insulin. Vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction is responsible for inflammation and blood coagulation leading to microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetes. Hyperactivity in renin-angiotensin system is implicated in development of islet oxidative stress and subsequent β-cell dysfunction, as it alters the islet blood flow. These deleterious effects of insulin resistance involving altered blood pressure, vascular dysfunction, and inflammation could be associated with increased severity in COVID-19 patients. We conclude that clinical and/or biochemical markers of insulin resistance should be included as prognostic markers in assessment of acute COVID-19 disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.