ReviewFrontiers in medicine2021
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: S2k Guideline of the German Respiratory Society and the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2025Guideline
- Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic challenges in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis.ERJ open research · 2026Review
- How experimental models have unlocked hidden mechanisms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET imaging in pulmonary fibrosis: pathophysiology, clinical utility, and emerging theranostic applications.Respiratory research · 2026Review
- Ethylbenzene Exposure and Bronchoalveolar CD4/CD8 T Cells in Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Development and Clinical Outcome.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Optimizing patient outcomes in interstitial lung disease through pre- and post-transplant management strategies.World journal of transplantation · 2025Review
- Fibrotic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: A Diagnostic Challenge Leading to Lung Transplantation.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A framework for exclusion of alternative diagnoses in sarcoidosis.Journal of autoimmunity · 2024Review
- Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Novel Immune Perturbations in Fibrotic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Bioaerosol Exposures and Respiratory Diseases in Cannabis Workers.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2024Review
- Increased ER Stress and Unfolded Protein Response Activation in Epithelial and Inflammatory Cells in Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2024Article
- Differential Immunogenicity and Lung Disease-Inducing Potential ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Noninfectious Granulomatous Lung Disease: Radiological Findings and Differential Diagnosis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Dominant Circulating Cell-free Mycobacterial Proteins in In-use Machining Fluid and their Antigenicity Potential.Current protein & peptide science · 2024Article
- Hypersensitivity Pneumonia Due to Lentil Aspiration: A Rare but Painstaking Pulmonary Illness.Global pediatric health · 2024Article
- Article
- Evaluation of cases with hypersensitivity pneumonia: 10 year analysis.The clinical respiratory journal · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is one of the most common interstitial lung diseases (ILD), that presents unique challenges for a confident diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. The disease is triggered by exposure to a wide variety of inciting antigens in susceptible individuals which results in T-cell hyperactivation and bronchioloalveolar inflammation. However, the genetic risk and the pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. Revised diagnostic criteria have recently been proposed, recommending to classify the disease in fibrotic and non-fibrotic HP which has strong therapeutic and outcome consequences. Confident diagnosis depends on the presence of clinical features of ILD, identification of the antigen(s), typical images on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), characteristic histopathological features, and lymphocytosis in the bronchoalveolar lavage. However, identifying the source of antigen is usually challenging, and HRCT and histopathology are often heterogeneous and not typical, supporting the notion that diagnosis should include a multidisciplinary assessment. Antigen removal and treating the inflammatory process is crucial in the progression of the disease since chronic persistent inflammation seems to be one of the mechanisms leading to lung fibrotic remodeling. Fibrotic HP has a few therapeutic options but evidence of efficacy is still scanty. Deciphering the molecular pathobiology of HP will contribute to open new therapeutic avenues and will provide vital insights in the search for novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.