ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
PPARγ and TGFβ-Major Regulators of Metabolism, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in the Lungs and Kidneys.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) as a mechano-metabolic transducer: coordinating lipid homeostasis through mechanical cues.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- PPARγ signalling pathway: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential in ligamentum flavum hypertrophy and lumbar spinal stenosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Liuweidihuang Pill Attenuates Early Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice and Is Associated with Gut Microbiome.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone alleviates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in male BALB/c mice.Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Glabridin improves cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction by activating PPARγ to regulate the ubiquitination and degradation of EGFR.Biology direct · 2026Article
- Roles of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD).Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Ultra-precision deconvolution of spatial transcriptomics decodes immune heterogeneity and fate-defining programs in tissues.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Praziquantel ameliorates leflunomide-induced nephrotoxicity in mice: a novel therapeutic approach targeting TGF-β/Smad/Wnt/β-catenin/NF-κB/PPAR-γ signaling and Nrf-2.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Hyperlipidemia exacerbates frozen shoulder fibrosis by activating the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway via the TBX5-TNC-Itgα2 axis.iScience · 2026Article
- Article
- Genetic regulation of fatty acid content in adipose tissue.American journal of human genetics · 2026Article
- Genome agnostic, multi-level non-oncogene addiction-based systems pharmacology for rescuing metastatic relapsed/refractory neoplasias.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- The crucial role of N6-methyladenosine modification in acute kidney injury: mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Obesity Promotes Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis Independent of Sex in SS Leptin Receptor Mutant (SSBiomedicines · 2025Article
- Phillyrin prevents calcium oxalate kidney stones through the PPARγ signaling pathway.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Protecting kidney function: from mechanisms to therapeutic targets and traditional Chinese medicine.Renal failure · 2025Review
- Unveiling the role of Jagged2 in hypoxic pulmonary arterial hypertension: A NOX2-mediated pathway.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2025Article
- Phthalate exposure is associated with increased CVD risk in CKD: evidence from NHANES and network toxicology analysis.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Effect of Ningxiang pig-derived Lactobacillus reuteri supplementation on the growth performance, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota of finishing pigs.Porcine health management · 2025Article
- Elucidating the Mechanism of Liver and Kidney Damage in Rats Caused by Exposure to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and the Protective Effect ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a type II nuclear receptor, initially recognized in adipose tissue for its role in fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism. It promotes lipid uptake and adipogenesis by increasing insulin sensitivity and adiponectin release. Later, PPARγ was implicated in cardiac development and in critical conditions such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and kidney failure. Recently, a cluster of different papers linked PPARγ signaling with another superfamily, the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and its receptors, all of which play a major role in PAH and kidney failure. TGFβ is a multifunctional cytokine that drives inflammation, fibrosis, and cell differentiation while PPARγ activation reverses these adverse events in many models. Such opposite biological effects emphasize the delicate balance and complex crosstalk between PPARγ and TGFβ. Based on solid experimental and clinical evidence, the present review summarizes connections and their implications for PAH and kidney failure, highlighting the similarities and differences between lung and kidney mechanisms as well as discussing the therapeutic potential of PPARγ agonist pioglitazone.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.