Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34639160›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021

Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Kidney Disease: The Targets for SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.

Agata Winiarska, Monika Knysak, Katarzyna Nabrdalik, Janusz Gumprecht, Tomasz Stompór

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
103citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

103 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Efficacy and Safety of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Heart Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Guideline
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Dapagliflozin in Patients With CKD With Fabry Disease.Kidney international reports · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Metabolic Crosstalk in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Synergistic Effects of Glucotoxicity and Lipotoxicity.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in liver diseases.World journal of experimental medicine · 2025
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Agata WiniarskaDepartment of Nephrology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-516 Olsztyn, Poland.
Monika KnysakDepartment of Nephrology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-516 Olsztyn, Poland.
Katarzyna NabrdalikDepartment of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0777-8048
Janusz GumprechtDepartment of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
Tomasz StompórDepartment of Nephrology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-516 Olsztyn, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increasing worldwide, and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains one of the leading long-term complications of T2D. Several lines of evidence indicate that glucose-lowering agents prevent the onset and progression of DKD in its early stages but are of limited efficacy in later stages of DKD. However, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists were shown to exert nephroprotective effects in patients with established DKD, i.e., those who had a reduced glomerular filtration rate. These effects cannot be solely attributed to the improved metabolic control of diabetes. In our review, we attempted to discuss the interactions of both groups of agents with inflammation and oxidative stress—the key pathways contributing to organ damage in the course of diabetes. SGLT2i and GLP-1R agonists attenuate inflammation and oxidative stress in experimental in vitro and in vivo models of DKD in several ways. In addition, we have described experiments showing the same protective mechanisms as found in DKD in non-diabetic kidney injury models as well as in some tissues and organs other than the kidney. The interaction between both drug groups, inflammation and oxidative stress appears to have a universal mechanism of organ protection in diabetes and other diseases.

Indexed as

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsOxidative StressDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic NephropathiesHumansInflammationSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitorsautophagycytokinesdiabetic kidney diseaseglucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonistsinflammationmacrophagesoxidative stresssirtuin 1sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitorstype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID34639160
PMCPMC8509708

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.