ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Cryopreservation of Gametes and Embryos and Their Molecular Changes.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- The risk of congenital malformations and neonatal outcomes among singletons and twins born after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-regression analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of prolonged embryo storage on reproductive and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2024Pooled it
- Frozen versus fresh embryo transfer in women with low prognosis for in vitro fertilisation treatment: pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Trial
- Impact of repeated cryopreservation on embryo development and chromosomal ploidy.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Article
- When less really is more: reducing embryo manipulation to lower metabolic stress and improving long term outcomes.Reproduction, fertility, and development · 2026Review
- Synergistic enhancement of antioxidant and antiapoptotic levels by Vitamin A and Lupeol improves the quality of cryopreserved bucks semen.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- From cold chain to ambient: Benefits, risks, and evidence across cell therapy logistics.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Review
- L-Proline supplementation preserves sperm function and chromatin integrity in asthenozoospermic patients during cryopreservation.Basic and clinical andrology · 2025Article
- Lycopene improves the developmental competence of vitrified-thawed oocytes by reestablishing redox balance and modulating Rock1 expression.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Article
- Validating Sperm Concentration in Rabbit Cryopreservation Protocol: Implications for Fertility, Litter Size, and Offspring Growth.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Association Between Human Embryo Culture Conditions, Cryopreservation, and the Potential Risk of Birth Defects in Children Conceived Through Assisted Reproduction Technology.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Sperm cryopreservation protocol for micro-TESE-retrieved sperm.Asian journal of andrology · 2025Review
- A Review on the Conservation of South African Indigenous Poultry Breeds: A Focus on Semen Cryopreservation.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Vitrification affects the post-implantation development of mouse embryos by inducing DNA damage and epigenetic modifications.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
- Can Humanity Thrive Beyond the Galaxy?The Journal of reproduction and development · 2025Review
- The role of heat shock protein 70 on oocyte apoptosis during vitrification.Open veterinary journal · 2025Review
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- Optimizing non-invasive preimplantation genetic testing: investigating culture conditions, sample collection, and IVF treatment for improved non-invasive PGT-A results.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2024Article
- An Overview of Reactive Oxygen Species Damage Occurring during In Vitro Bovine Oocyte and Embryo Development and the Efficacy of Antioxidant Use to Limit These Adverse Effects.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The process of freezing cells or tissues and depositing them in liquid nitrogen at -196 °C is called cryopreservation. Sub-zero temperature is not a physiological condition for cells and water ice crystals represent the main problem since they induce cell death, principally in large cells like oocytes, which have a meiotic spindle that degenerates during this process. Significantly, cryopreservation represents an option for fertility preservation in patients who develop gonadal failure for any condition and those who want to freeze their germ cells for later use. The possibility of freezing sperm, oocytes, and embryos has been available for a long time, and in 1983 the first birth with thawed oocytes was achieved. From the mid-2000s forward, the use of egg vitrification through intracytoplasmic sperm injection has improved pregnancy rates. Births using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have some adverse conditions and events. These risks could be associated with ART procedures or related to infertility. Cryopreservation generates changes in the epigenome of gametes and embryos, given that ART occurs when the epigenome is most vulnerable. Furthermore, cryoprotective agents induce alterations in the integrity of germ cells and embryos. Notably, cryopreservation extensively affects cell viability, generates proteomic profile changes, compromises crucial cellular functions, and alters sperm motility. This technique has been widely employed since the 1980s and there is a lack of knowledge about molecular changes. The emerging view is that molecular changes are associated with cryopreservation, affecting metabolism, cytoarchitecture, calcium homeostasis, epigenetic state, and cell survival, which compromise the fertilization in ART.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.