ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Regression-Based Normative Data for Independent and Cognitively Active Spanish Older Adults: Digit Span, Letters and Numbers, Trail Making Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Normative Data Estimation in Neuropsychological Tests: A Systematic Review.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2024Pooled it
- Regression-based Norms for a Neuropsychological Screening Battery in the Filipino Population.Cognitive and behavioral neurology : official journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology · 2026Article
- Article
- Advancing Pediatric Cognitive Health: Psychometric Evaluation and IRT- and Regression-Based Norms for Two Neuropsychological Measures in Colombian Children and Adolescents.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- ETMT: A Tool for Eye-Tracking-Based Trail-Making Test to Detect Cognitive Impairment.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Regression-Based Normative Data for Independent and Cognitively Active Spanish Older Adults: Verbal Fluency Tests and Boston Naming Test.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Regression-Based Normative Data for Independent and Cognitively Active Spanish Older Adults: Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test and Judgement of Line Orientation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
In this work, we developed normative data for the neuropsychological assessment of independent and cognitively active Spanish older adults over 55 years of age.
methodRegression-based normative data were calculated from a sample of 103 non-depressed independent community-dwelling adults aged 55 or older (67% women). Raw data for Digit Span (DS), Letters and Numbers (LN), the Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) were regressed on age, sex, and education. The model predicting TMT-B scores also included TMT-A scores. Z-scores for the discrepancy between observed and predicted scores were used to identify low scores. The base rate of low scores for SABIEX normative data was compared to the base rate of low scores using published normative data obtained from the general population.
resultsThe effects of age, sex, and education varied across neuropsychological measures. Although the proportion of low scores was similar between normative datasets, there was no agreement in the identification of cognitively impaired individuals.
conclusionsNormative data obtained from the general population might not be sensitive to identify low scores in cognitively active older adults, incorrectly classifying them as cognitively normal compared to the less-active population. We provide a friendly calculator for use in neuropsychological assessment in cognitively active Spanish people aged 55 or older.
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