Evidence mapPaperPMID 34657209Full record

ReviewWorld journal of urology2022

The role of metformin, statins and diet in men on active surveillance for prostate cancer.

Raj Tiwari, Neil Fleshner

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in World journal of urology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 42% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Raj TiwariDivision of Urology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 700 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X6, Canada. raj.tiwari@uhn.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3893-5859
Neil FleshnerDivision of Urology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 700 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X6, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7407-7463
University Health Network · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewA sound scientific basis has been emerging on the anti-neoplastic role of metformin, statins and dietary interventions. However, evidence in prostate cancer patients remains mixed owing to an absence of completed randomized trials. This overview examines the rationale for metformin, statins and dietary intervention for secondary prevention in men on active surveillance by summarizing current evidence base and biological mechanisms in influencing cancer progression and mortality.

methodsA comprehensive literature search was performed to identify studies that evaluated the role of metformin, statins and diet in the secondary prevention of prostate cancer as well as those that described the anti-cancer mechanisms of these agents. The search included Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane library from inception till August 2021.

resultsA total of 14 trials on metformin, 21 trials on statins and 13 trials on dietary measures were evaluated. Majority were observational population-based cohort studies or meta-analysis of them. Three ongoing prospective randomized controlled trials were also reported. Overall, mixed results were obtained.

conclusionsThe role of metformin and statins remains promising with several trials showing reduced rates of progression and cancer specific mortality. Combination therapy strategies have also been evaluated in more advanced patients showing synergism. Dietary interventions especially fruits, vegetables and fish intake has shown some benefit albeit with mixed results for others like legumes, red meat, coffee and multivitamins. Several ongoing randomized trials will provide stronger evidence in the future for secondary prevention.

Indexed as

Secondary PreventionWatchful WaitingHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsMaleMetforminProstatic NeoplasmsHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsMetforminActive surveillanceDietMetforminProstate cancerStatins

Identifiers

PMID34657209
OpenAlexW3205674165

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.