Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34662387›Full record

ReviewCardiovascular research2022

Titin (TTN): from molecule to modifications, mechanics, and medical significance.

Christine M Loescher, Anastasia J Hobbach, Wolfgang A Linke

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cardiovascular research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
98citing papers in PubMed
12.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

98 citing papers in PubMed, 129 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Functional analysis ofMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026
    Article
  2. Evidence for a role of adverse sarcomere signaling in atrial fibrillation induction.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology plus · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. TTNCell reports · 2026
    Article
  7. Transcriptomic Analysis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  8. Transcriptomic Analysis ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Right Heart Diastology, Where Are We Now?Circulation research · 2026
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Review

38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Christine M LoescherDepartment of Cardiology I, Coronary, Peripheral Vascular Disease and Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3864-1658
Anastasia J HobbachDepartment of Cardiology I, Coronary, Peripheral Vascular Disease and Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6421-8429
Wolfgang A LinkeDepartment of Cardiology I, Coronary, Peripheral Vascular Disease and Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0801-3773
University Hospital Münster · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The giant sarcomere protein titin is a major determinant of cardiomyocyte stiffness and contributor to cardiac strain sensing. Titin-based forces are highly regulated in health and disease, which aids in the regulation of myocardial function, including cardiac filling and output. Due to the enormous size, complexity, and malleability of the titin molecule, titin properties are also vulnerable to dysregulation, as observed in various cardiac disorders. This review provides an overview of how cardiac titin properties can be changed at a molecular level, including the role isoform diversity and post-translational modifications (acetylation, oxidation, and phosphorylation) play in regulating myocardial stiffness and contractility. We then consider how this regulation becomes unbalanced in heart disease, with an emphasis on changes in titin stiffness and protein quality control. In this context, new insights into the key pathomechanisms of human cardiomyopathy due to a truncation in the titin gene (TTN) are discussed. Along the way, we touch on the potential for titin to be therapeutically targeted to treat acquired or inherited cardiac conditions, such as HFpEF or TTN-truncation cardiomyopathy.

Indexed as

CardiomyopathiesHeart DiseasesHeart FailureConnectinHumansMyocytes, CardiacStroke VolumeConnectinTTN protein, humanCardiomyopathyHeart failureMechanical functionSarcomereSignalling

Identifiers

PMID34662387
PMCPMC9648829
OpenAlexW3206177908

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.