ArticlePlant physiology2022
BETA-AMYLASE9 is a plastidial nonenzymatic regulator of leaf starch degradation.
Article in Plant physiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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26 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
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- BolAG-BolRPI2-BolBAM4 Module Regulates the Bolting of Curd by Modulating Starch Metabolism in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica).Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- A pseudoenzyme enables indole biosynthesis in eudicot plants.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- The Genetic Loci Associated with Fiber Development in Upland Cotton (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The multifunctional ascorbate peroxidase MoApx1 secreted by Magnaporthe oryzae mediates the suppression of rice immunity.The Plant cell · 2025Article
- The Pseudoenzyme β-Amylase9 From Arabidopsis Activates α-Amylase3: A Possible Mechanism to Promote Stress-Induced Starch Degradation.Proteins · 2025Article
- Genome-wide identification of the AcBAM family in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis cv. Hongyang) and the expression profiling analysis of AcBAMs reveal their role in starch metabolism.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Comparative Transcriptome Analysis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis Reveals Key Regulatory Genes Influencing Selenium Enrichment and Yield with Exogenous Selenite in Tartary Buckwheat.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Characterization and functional analysis of theFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Article
- Modulation of the Arabidopsis Starch Metabolic Network by the Cytosolic Acetyl-CoA Pathway in the Context of the Diurnal Illumination Cycle.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The pseudoenzyme β-amylase9 from Arabidopsis binds to and enhances the activity of α-amylase3: A possible mechanism to promote stress-induced starch degradation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Molecular Characteristics and Functional Identification of a Key Alpha-Amylase-Encoding GeneInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A Genome-Wide Analysis of thePlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Rice LIKE EARLY STARVATION1 cooperates with FLOURY ENDOSPERM6 to modulate starch biosynthesis and endosperm development.The Plant cell · 2024Article
- MFP1 defines the subchloroplast location of starch granule initiation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
β-Amylases (BAMs) are key enzymes of transitory starch degradation in chloroplasts, a process that buffers the availability of photosynthetically fixed carbon over the diel cycle to maintain energy levels and plant growth at night. However, during vascular plant evolution, the BAM gene family diversified, giving rise to isoforms with different compartmentation and biological activities. Here, we characterized BETA-AMYLASE 9 (BAM9) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Among the BAMs, BAM9 is most closely related to BAM4 but is more widely conserved in plants. BAM9 and BAM4 share features including their plastidial localization and lack of measurable α-1,4-glucan hydrolyzing capacity. BAM4 is a regulator of starch degradation, and bam4 mutants display a starch-excess phenotype. Although bam9 single mutants resemble the wild-type (WT), genetic experiments reveal that the loss of BAM9 markedly enhances the starch-excess phenotypes of mutants already impaired in starch degradation. Thus, BAM9 also regulates starch breakdown, but in a different way. Interestingly, BAM9 gene expression is responsive to several environmental changes, while that of BAM4 is not. Furthermore, overexpression of BAM9 in the WT reduced leaf starch content, but overexpression in bam4 failed to complement fully that mutant's starch-excess phenotype, suggesting that BAM9 and BAM4 are not redundant. We propose that BAM9 activates starch degradation, helping to manage carbohydrate availability in response to fluctuations in environmental conditions. As such, BAM9 represents an interesting gene target to explore in crop species.
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