Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34663162›Full record

ArticleScandinavian journal of gastroenterology2022

Impact of genetic testing and smoking on the distribution of risk factors in patients with recurrent acute and chronic pancreatitis.

Merve Gurakar, Niloofar Y Jalaly, Mahya Faghih, Tina Boortalary, Javad R Azadi, Mouen A Khashab, Christopher Fan, Anthony N Kalloo, Atif Zaheer, Vikesh K Singh and 1 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Idiopathic chronic pancreatitis: clinical highlights.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2026
    Review
  3. Turkish Society of Gastroenterology: Pancreas Working Group, Acute Pancreatitis Committee Consensus Report.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2024
    Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Merve GurakarDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Niloofar Y JalalyDepartment of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
Mahya FaghihPancreatitis Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Tina BoortalaryDepartment of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Javad R AzadiDivision of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Mouen A KhashabDivision of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Christopher FanDivision of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Anthony N KallooPancreatitis Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Atif ZaheerPancreatitis Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Vikesh K SinghPancreatitis Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Elham AfghaniPancreatitis Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Johns Hopkins University · USGeorgetown University · USThomas Jefferson University · US

Funding

Clinical Pharmacology Training ProgramT32GM066691 · NIGMS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Matthew Michael Ippolito · 2003 to 2026
$6.4M
NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM066691
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe aim of the present study is to assess the impact of smoking dose and duration on the distribution of risk factor(s) in patients with RAP and CP, and the impact of genetic testing on the distribution of risk factor(s) in patients with idiopathic RAP and CP.

methodsAll adult patients with RAP and CP referred to a multidisciplinary pancreatitis clinic between 2010 and 2017 were evaluated. Risk factors included alcohol and smoking, hypertriglyceridemia, biliary, and other etiologies. Genetic testing was only pursued in patients with idiopathic RAP or CP.

resultsAmong the 1770 patients evaluated, 167 had RAP and 303 had CP. After genetic testing and smoking, the most common risk factors for RAP and CP were pathogenic variant(s) (23%) and the combination of alcohol and smoking (23%), respectively. Genetic testing and smoking assessment decreased the proportion of patients with alcoholic RAP from 17% to 5%, alcoholic CP from 33% to 10%, idiopathic RAP from 49% to 12%, and idiopathic CP from 54% to 14%. Pathogenic CFTR variants were the most common variant in patients with RAP (51%) and CP (43%). Among the 68 patients with pancreas divisum, other risk factor(s) were identified in 72%.

conclusionGenetic testing and a detailed assessment of smoking dose and duration reduce the proportion of patients with alcoholic and idiopathic pancreatitis. Other risk factor(s) for pancreatitis are found in the majority of patients with pancreas divisum further questioning its role as an independent risk factor.1. What is the current knowledge?Approximately 30% of patients with pancreatitis have no clear risk factor(s) and are categorized as having an idiopathic etiology.Pathogenic variant(s) as well as smoking dose and duration are well-established risk factors for recurrent acute and chronic pancreatitis but are not widely recognized or incorporated into clinical practice.2. What is new here?Genetic testing and a detailed assessment of smoking dose and duration reduced the proportion of patients with alcoholic and idiopathic acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis.Approximately three-fourths of patients with pancreas divisum have a risk factor for pancreatitis.

Indexed as

Pancreatitis, ChronicAcute DiseaseAdultGenetic TestingHumansRecurrenceRisk FactorsSmokingchronic pancreatitisgenetic testingRecurrent acute pancreatitisrisk factorssmoking

Identifiers

PMID34663162
PMCPMC9278560
OpenAlexW3205983669

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.