ReviewEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society2021
COVID-19 pneumonia: pathophysiology and management.
Review in European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 182 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heart failure during the COVID-19 pandemic: clinical, diagnostic, management, and organizational dilemmas.ESC heart failure · 2022Pooled it
- Physicians' perspectives on the perceived increase in respiratory infections post-COVID-19 in Pakistan: a qualitative study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Performance of the Ventilatory Ratio to Predict Intubation in Patients With COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Critical care explorations · 2026Article
- Admission Serum Inflammatory and Injury Biomarkers Are Associated with In-Hospital Mortality in Neurological Inpatients with Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Brain-COVID Cohort Study.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Incentive Spirometer in COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Adding arterial nitrogen pressure to single-measurement monitoring data enables diagnostic lung modeling by deep learning.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- An Ex Vivo Lung Histoculture Model for Studying Pulmonary Infection and Immune Response With SARS-CoV-2 as an Example of RNA Virus.Bio-protocol · 2025Article
- Impact of prior COVID-19 infection on perioperative outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer patients: a prospective observational cohort study.International journal of clinical oncology · 2025Observational
- Risk of conversion and severe postoperative complications in older patients with non-small cell lung cancer and a history of COVID-19: a population-based study.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- ROS-Driven Nanoventilator for MRSA-Induced Acute Lung Injury Treatment via In Situ Oxygen Supply, Anti-Inflammation and Immunomodulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Impact of mechanical ventilation on severe acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with and without COVID-19 - a multicentre propensity matched analysis.Annals of intensive care · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and costs of COVID-19 patients in Thai hospitels: a comparative analysis based on chest X-ray findings.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Observational
- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on a Nuclear Medicine Department in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Symptoms can predict COVID-19 pneumonia in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A Review on Risk Factors, Traditional Diagnostic Techniques, and Biomarkers for Pneumonia Prognostication and Management in Diabetic Patients.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Prehospital Pandemic Respiratory Infection Emergency System Triage score can effectively predict the 30-day mortality of COVID-19 patients with pneumonia.Annals of medicine · 2024Article
- Sex differences in pneumonia risk during COVID-19 in Mexico.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The level of partial pressure of carbon dioxide affects organ perfusion in respiratory failure patients undergoing pressure support ventilation with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a prospective study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Patient self-inflicted lung injury associated pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum is a risk factor for worse outcomes of severe COVID-19: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia is an evolving disease. We will focus on the development of its pathophysiologic characteristics over time, and how these time-related changes determine modifications in treatment. In the emergency department: the peculiar characteristic is the coexistence, in a significant fraction of patients, of severe hypoxaemia, near-normal lung computed tomography imaging, lung gas volume and respiratory mechanics. Despite high respiratory drive, dyspnoea and respiratory rate are often normal. The underlying mechanism is primarily altered lung perfusion. The anatomical prerequisites for PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) to work (lung oedema, atelectasis, and therefore recruitability) are lacking. In the high-dependency unit: the disease starts to worsen either because of its natural evolution or additional patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI). Oedema and atelectasis may develop, increasing recruitability. Noninvasive supports are indicated if they result in a reversal of hypoxaemia and a decreased inspiratory effort. Otherwise, mechanical ventilation should be considered to avert P-SILI. In the intensive care unit: the primary characteristic of the advance of unresolved COVID-19 disease is a progressive shift from oedema or atelectasis to less reversible structural lung alterations to lung fibrosis. These later characteristics are associated with notable impairment of respiratory mechanics, increased arterial carbon dioxide tension (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.