ReviewInternational reviews of immunology2022
Exploring the pathways of inflammation and coagulopathy in COVID-19: A narrative tour into a viral rabbit hole.
Review in International reviews of immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glycocalyx at the host-virus interface: a double-edged sword in virus infection and tissue damage.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- A systematic review of the biological effects of resveratrol on venous thromboembolism.Avicenna journal of phytomedicine · 2026Review
- Hematologic and Immunologic Overlap Between COVID-19 and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Predictive value of hematological indices on incidence and severity of pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and Sickle Cell Disease: Two Independent Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism.Cureus · 2023Review
- Association between Thrombin Generation and Clinical Characteristics in COVID-19 Patients.Acta haematologica · 2023Article
- Fibrinogen, Fibrin, and Fibrin Degradation Products in COVID-19.Current drug targets · 2022Review
- A Case of Branch Retinal Arteriole Occlusion and Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy after COVID-19 Infection.Case reports in ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has taken a huge toll of morbidity and mortality. In selected patients, classified as severe, the overwhelming inflammatory state imposed by this infection is accompanied by a hypercoagulable state, hallmarked by a unique pattern; a marked increase in D-dimer, out of proportion to other markers of coagulopathy. In this review, we turn a spotlight to this phenomenon, offering a unified conceptual model depicting the leading hypotheses of coagulopathy in COVID-19. The key players of the coagulation cascades accompanying the COVID-19 inflammation malfunction on virtually every level; tissue factor expression is amplified, physiological anti-coagulant pathways (anti-thrombin, protein C and S, and the inhibitor of the tissue factor pathway) are impaired and fibrinolysis is inhibited. Components of autoimmunity, the complement system amongst others, further contribute to the pathology. As data continue to gather, our model offers a pathophysiological overview of COVID-19 coagulopathy, defined by the resultant histopathology: either intra-vascular or extra-vascular. We hope this review will facilitate understanding and serve as a lead point to future therapeutic directives.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.