ReviewPharmaceutics2021
Forms and Methods for Interferon's Encapsulation.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synthesis and Optimization of PEG-PLGA Immunotherapeutic Nanoparticles for the Controlled Release of IFNα.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Strategies to overcome hepatic clearance of endogenous proteins - molecular and formulation approaches.RSC chemical biology · 2026Review
- Functional characterization of the IFN-γ protein in mediating antiviral defence against Newcastle disease Virus inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Microencapsulation of cholic acid via complex coacervation enhances sustained release and antibacterial activity againstFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Targeted Hepatic Delivery of Bioactive Molecules via Nanovesicles: Recent Developments and Emerging Directions.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- From Genetic Engineering to Preclinical Safety: A Study on Recombinant Human Interferons.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Interferon-Based Therapeutics in Cancer Therapy: Past, Present, and Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Recombinant LAB vector engineered to secrete chicken IFN-λ3 induces an early but sustained activation of antiviral host responses against AIV infection.Poultry science · 2025Article
- Optogenetic-Controlled iPSC-Based Vaccines for Prophylactic and Therapeutic Tumor Suppression in Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Exploring the Relationship Between Gut Health and Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2025Review
- A Novel Microencapsulated Bovine Recombinant Interferon Tau Formulation for Luteolysis Modulation in Cattle.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Multilayer Nanocarrier for the Codelivery of Interferons: A Promising Strategy for Biocompatible and Long-Acting Antiviral Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Type I interferon pathway in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2024Review
- Effect of IFN‑γ encapsulated liposomes on major signal transduction pathways in the lymphocytes of patients with lung cancer.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- Recent and future perspectives on engineering interferons and other cytokines as therapeutics.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2023Review
- Electrically regulated cell-based intervention for viral infections.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Article
- Ocular Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins: A Review.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Disclosing the Potential of Fluorinated Ionic Liquids as Interferon-Alpha 2b Delivery Systems.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A review on drug repurposing in COVID-19: from antiviral drugs to herbal alternatives.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2022Review
- The Hitchhiker's Guide to Human Therapeutic Nanoparticle Development.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines involved in the immune response that act on innate and adaptive immunity. These proteins are natural cell-signaling glycoproteins expressed in response to viral infections, tumors, and biological inducers and constitute the first line of defense of vertebrates against infectious agents. They have been marketed for more than 30 years with considerable impact on the global therapeutic protein market thanks to their diversity in terms of biological activities. They have been used as single agents or with combination treatment regimens, demonstrating promising clinical results, resulting in 22 different formulations approved by regulatory agencies. The 163 clinical trials with currently active IFNs reinforce their importance as therapeutics for human health. However, their application has presented difficulties due to the molecules' size, sensitivity to degradation, and rapid elimination from the bloodstream. For some years now, work has been underway to obtain new drug delivery systems to provide adequate therapeutic concentrations for these cytokines, decrease their toxicity and prolong their half-life in the circulation. Although different research groups have presented various formulations that encapsulate IFNs, to date, there is no formulation approved for use in humans. The current review exhibits an updated summary of all encapsulation forms presented in the scientific literature for IFN-α, IFN-ß, and IFN-γ, from the year 1996 to the year 2021, considering parameters such as: encapsulating matrix, route of administration, target, advantages, and disadvantages of each formulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.