SynthesisNutrients2021
Breakfast Skipping, Weight, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Nutrition Quality in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled and Intervention Longitudinal Trials.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Food Intake According to Clock Gene Polymorphisms: A Systematic Review.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Pooled it
- Preventing and treating childhood obesity by sleeping better: a systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of breakfast on childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Do traditional medicine-based diets lead to greater weight loss than modern diets in overweight and obese students? A randomized controlled trial.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Trial
- BASNEF behavioral transformation: effect of empowerment program on children's knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and practice of nail biting.BMC pediatrics · 2025Trial
- Screen Time, Unhealthy Eating Behaviors, and Associated Health Risks in Children: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Nutritional Intervention and Physical Activity in Adolescents and Children with Obesity.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Sleep Hours, Wake-Up Time, Bedtime, Breakfast Skipping, and Japanese-Style Diet (Staple Food, Main Dish, and Side Dish): A Cross-Sectional Study of Schoolchildren in Saga Prefecture.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Breakfast frequency, lifestyle-related factors and their association with body weight status among Polish primary school children aged 10 to 12 years: results from a nationwide cross-sectional study.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Adolescence as a key developmental window for nutrition promotion and cardiometabolic disease prevention.npj metabolic health and disease · 2025Review
- Breakfast Skipping Among Dormitory- and Home-Residing High School Students: Insights from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2018-2024.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Associations of chronotype and socio-demographic factors with timing of eating in finnish preschool-aged children.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Dietary behaviours, cooking practices and their associations with body weight status among Malaysians - a nationwide study during COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Why Do Adolescents Skip Breakfast? A Study on the Mediterranean Diet and Risk Factors.Nutrients · 2025Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study on the Prevalence of Skipping Breakfast Among College-Going Students in a Private University.Cureus · 2024Article
- The Results of the "My Challenge" Camp in Addressing Childhood Obesity.Zdravstveno varstvo · 2024Article
- Skipping Breakfast and Academic Grades, Persistent Feelings of Sadness or Hopelessness, and School Connectedness Among High School Students - Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2023.MMWR supplements · 2024Article
- Article
- Associations between eating habits and mental health among adolescents in five nordic countries: a cross-sectional survey.BMC public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Breakfast skipping increases with age, and an association with a high risk of being overweight (OW) and of obesity (OB), cardiometabolic risk, and unhealthy diet regimen has been demonstrated in observational studies with children and adults. Short-term intervention trials in adults reported conflicting results. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the association of breakfast skipping with body weight, metabolic features, and nutrition quality in the groups of young people that underwent randomized controlled (RCT) or intervention longitudinal trials lasting more than two months. We searched relevant databases (2000-2021) and identified 584 articles, of which 16 were suitable for inclusion. Overall, 50,066 children and adolescents were included. No studies analyzed cardiometabolic features. Interventions were efficacious in reducing breakfast skipping prevalence when multi-level approaches were used. Two longitudinal studies reported a high prevalence of OW/OB in breakfast skippers, whereas RCTs had negligible effects. Ten studies reported a lower-quality dietary intake in breakfast skippers. This review provides insight into the fact that breakfast skipping is a modifiable marker of the risk of OW/OB and unhealthy nutritional habits in children and adolescents. Further long-term multi-level intervention studies are needed to investigate the relationship between breakfast, nutrition quality, chronotypes, and cardiometabolic risk in youths.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.