ReviewNutrients2021
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Role of Thiamine Supplementation in the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Clinical cardiology · 2024Pooled it
- Obstructive sleep apnea and vitamin D: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin D, vitamin D supplementation and atrial fibrillation risk in the general population: updated systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Predictive value of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in patients with coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Evaluating the effect of atorvastatin exposure and vitamin D levels on lipid outcomes in people with HIV-1 with suppressed HIV-1 RNA and LDL cholesterol <130 mg/dL.HIV medicine · 2023Trial
- Emerging Prognostic Risk Factors in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Beyond Traditional Risk Assessment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Vitamin D and Health: Establishing Causal Relationships Through Observational Evidence and Hill's Criteria in a Biological Framework.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Individual and Combined Cardioprotective Effects of 1,25(OH)Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Article
- Prediabetes: diagnostic aspects, clinical features, and emerging therapeutic opportunities, with a focus on Vitamin D.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Vitamin-D and associated biomarker profiles in patients with chronic heart failure.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Prevalence, predictors, and clinical impact of vitamin D deficiency on 12-month outcomes in hip fracture patients.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- [Interpretation of the Expert Consensus Statement on the Role of Vitamin D in Metabolic Health].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2026Article
- Effect of vitamin D deficiency on pregnancy outcomes in obese and non-obese pregnant women.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Shining Light on Dysautonomia: The Role of Vitamin D in Cardiac Autonomic Regulation.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Serum 25(OH)D concentration and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational cohort studies.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Review
- Active Vitamin D Level Is Independently Associated with the Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Association between serum vitamin D levels and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with hyperuricemia: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Vitamin D and Brain Health.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a prevalent condition, occurring in about 30-50% of the population, observed across all ethnicities and among all age groups. Besides the established role of vitamin D in calcium homeostasis, its deficiency is emerging as a new risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In particular, several epidemiological and clinical studies have reported a close association between low vitamin D levels and major CVDs, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Moreover, in all these clinical settings, vitamin deficiency seems to predispose to increased morbidity, mortality, and recurrent cardiovascular events. Despite this growing evidence, interventional trials with supplementation of vitamin D in patients at risk of or with established CVD are still controversial. In this review, we aimed to summarize the currently available evidence supporting the link between vitamin D deficiency and major CVDs in terms of its prevalence, clinical relevance, prognostic impact, and potential therapeutic implications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.