ReviewBiological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging2022
Maternal Immune Activation Hypotheses for Human Neurodevelopment: Some Outstanding Questions.
Review in Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Perinatal C-Reactive Protein Levels Detected in Deciduous Teeth Are Associated With Autism-Related Traits and Behavior Problems in School-Aged Children.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Prenatal parental mental health and neurodevelopment in children with congenital heart disease.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Intranasal insulin ameliorates prenatal LPS-induced learning and memory impairments in adolescent male rats: A behavioral, electrophysiological, and molecular study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Developmental origins of immune function: Maternal prenatal mood is associated with infant immune cell gene expression.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Perinatal hyperandrogenization and immune activation in rodents model subtypes of autism.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Vagus nerve stimulation as an anti-inflammatory therapy for maternal immune activation-induced alterations in offspring microglia and neurodevelopment.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Exploring epigenetic modifications following maternal immune activation: a focus on cross-species translational potential.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Sex-specific vulnerabilities in early human neurodevelopment following SARS-CoV-2-induced maternal immune activation.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Decoupling of maternal and neonatal inflammatory levels at the maternal-fetal interface: evidence from a population-based proteomic study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- Developmental functions of microglia: Impact of psychosocial and physiological early life stress.Neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Beyond TORCH: A narrative review of the impact of antenatal and perinatal infections on the risk of disability.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Review
- Prenatal air pollution, maternal immune activation, and autism spectrum disorder.Environment international · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The maternal immune activation hypothesis is a leading model for understanding prenatal influences on individual differences in, and clinical syndromes of, neurodevelopment. Experimental animal and human research has proliferated in recent years, and there is now a sizable research base. Several meta-analyses demonstrate general support for an association between prenatal immune activation and neurodevelopment in human research. However, questions remain about the nature of the immune activation, network of underlying mechanisms involved, and breadth of impact across behavioral phenotypes. Complementing recent reviews of results, the current review places particular emphasis on how a better understanding of mechanisms may be achieved with greater attention to addressing the methodological variation and limitations of existing studies and identifies areas for further clinical research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.