Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34696033›Full record

ReviewSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2021

A Review of Non-Invasive Optical Systems for Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring.

Bushra Alsunaidi, Murad Althobaiti, Mahbubunnabi Tamal, Waleed Albaker, Ibraheem Al-Naib

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
18.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Optical convolutional spectrometer.Nature photonics · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. AI-Based Noninvasive Blood Glucose Monitoring: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Bushra AlsunaidiBiomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Murad AlthobaitiBiomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-8084-6916
Mahbubunnabi TamalBiomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-3553-3531
Waleed AlbakerDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia.
Ibraheem Al-NaibBiomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-7499-0655
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University · SA

Funding

Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia IF-2020-013-Eng
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally. More than 690 million cases of diabetes are expected worldwide by 2045. Continuous blood glucose monitoring is essential to control the disease and avoid long-term complications. Diabetics suffer on a daily basis with the traditional glucose monitors currently in use, which are invasive, painful, and cost-intensive. Therefore, the demand for non-invasive, painless, economical, and reliable approaches to monitor glucose levels is increasing. Since the last decades, many glucose sensing technologies have been developed. Researchers and scientists have been working on the enhancement of these technologies to achieve better results. This paper provides an updated review of some of the pioneering non-invasive optical techniques for monitoring blood glucose levels that have been proposed in the last six years, including a summary of state-of-the-art error analysis and validation techniques.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusOptical DevicesBlood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringHumansMonitoring, PhysiologicBlood Glucosediabetesfluorescentglucoseinfrarednon-invasiveopticsphotoacousticRamanspectroscopyterahertz

Identifiers

PMID34696033
PMCPMC8537963
OpenAlexW3206585231

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.