Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34702245›Full record

Observational studyBMC psychiatry2021

Exploring low grade inflammation by soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor levels in schizophrenia: a sex-dependent association with depressive symptoms.

Therese Torgersen Bigseth, John Abel Engh, Jens Egeland, Eivind Andersen, Ole Andreas Andreassen, Gry Bang-Kittilsen, Ragnhild Sørum Falk, Tom Langerud Holmen, Morten Lindberg, Jon Mordal and 5 more

Open access · goldAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 52% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.

Therese Torgersen BigsethDivision of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Sykehuset i Vestfold, PO Box 2168, 3103, Tonsberg, Norway. Therese.Torgersen@siv.no.
John Abel EnghDivision of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Sykehuset i Vestfold, PO Box 2168, 3103, Tonsberg, Norway.
Jens EgelandDivision of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Sykehuset i Vestfold, PO Box 2168, 3103, Tonsberg, Norway.
Eivind AndersenFaculty of Humanities, Sports and Educational Science, University of South-Eastern Norway, PO Box 235, 3603, Kongsberg, Norway.
Ole Andreas AndreassenNORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Psychosis Research Unit/TOP, Ullevaal Hospital, building 49, PO Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
Gry Bang-KittilsenDivision of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Sykehuset i Vestfold, PO Box 2168, 3103, Tonsberg, Norway.
Ragnhild Sørum FalkOslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
Tom Langerud HolmenDivision of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Sykehuset i Vestfold, PO Box 2168, 3103, Tonsberg, Norway.
Morten LindbergDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Vestfold Hospital Trust, PO Box 2168, 3103, Tonsberg, Norway.
Jon MordalDivision of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Sykehuset i Vestfold, PO Box 2168, 3103, Tonsberg, Norway.
Jimmi NielsenMental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Nils Eiel SteenNORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Psychosis Research Unit/TOP, Ullevaal Hospital, building 49, PO Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
Thor UelandResearch Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
Torkel VangDivision of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Sykehuset i Vestfold, PO Box 2168, 3103, Tonsberg, Norway.
Mats FredriksenDivision of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Sykehuset i Vestfold, PO Box 2168, 3103, Tonsberg, Norway.
Sykehuset i Vestfold · NOOslo University Hospital · NOUniversity of Oslo · NOCopenhagen University Hospital · DKGlostrup Hospital · DKUniversity of South-Eastern Norway · NO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is evidence of increased low grade inflammation (LGI) in schizophrenia patients. However, the inter-individual variation is large and the association with demographic, somatic and psychiatric factors remains unclear. Our aim was to explore whether levels of the novel LGI marker soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) were associated with clinical factors in schizophrenia and if such associations were sex-dependent.

methodIn this observational study a total of 187 participants with schizophrenia (108 males, 79 females) underwent physical examination and assessment with clinical interviews (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), and Drug Use Disorder Identification Test (DUDIT)). Blood levels of suPAR, glucose, lipids, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were determined and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used adjusting for confounders, and sex interaction tested in significant variables.

resultsAdjusting for sex, age, current tobacco smoking and BMI, we found that levels of hsCRP and depressive symptoms (CDSS) were positively associated with levels of suPAR (p < 0.001). The association between suPAR and CDSS score was significant in females (p < 0.001) but not in males. Immune activation measured by hsCRP was not associated with depressive symptoms after adjusting for BMI.

conclusionOur findings indicate that increased suPAR levels are associated with depressive symptoms in females with schizophrenia, suggesting aberrant immune activation in this subgroup. Our results warrant further studies, including longitudinal follow-up of suPAR levels in schizophrenia and experimental studies of mechanisms.

Indexed as

Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen ActivatorSchizophreniaBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinDepressionFemaleHumansInflammationMaleBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinReceptors, Urokinase Plasminogen ActivatorBiomarkerCRPDepressionImmunesystemInflammationSchizophreniaSex-differencesuPARUrokinase

Identifiers

PMID34702245
PMCPMC8547032
OpenAlexW3209224880

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.