Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34707513›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in physiology2021

Inflammation in Human Heart Failure: Major Mediators and Therapeutic Targets.

Marta Reina-Couto, Patrícia Pereira-Terra, Janete Quelhas-Santos, Carolina Silva-Pereira, António Albino-Teixeira, Teresa Sousa

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07284446 (Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Impairment and Their Association With Worse Outcomes in a Cohort of Hospitalized Patients With Chronic Heart Failure), which is not on this map. Cited by 93 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
93citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
14.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07284446 recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Impairment and Their Association With Worse Outcomes in a Cohort of Hospitalized Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorLithuanian University of Health SciencesRan2025 to 2028Enrolled300ConditionsCongestive Heart Failure Chronic, Cognitive Impairment, Mild, Depressive Symptoms Mild to Moderate in Severity
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

93 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Noninvasive low-level tragus stimulation attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in acute heart failure.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2023
    Trial
  8. [A nomogram based on systemic inflammation markers can predict adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2022
    Trial
  9. Prognostic value of 9 immune-inflammatory markers for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: A retrospective study.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026
    Article
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33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Marta Reina-CoutoDepartamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Patrícia Pereira-TerraDepartamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Janete Quelhas-SantosDepartamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Carolina Silva-PereiraDepartamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
António Albino-TeixeiraDepartamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Teresa SousaDepartamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Universidade do Porto · PTHospital de São João · PT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Inflammation has been recognized as a major pathophysiological contributor to the entire spectrum of human heart failure (HF), including HF with reduced ejection fraction, HF with preserved ejection fraction, acute HF and cardiogenic shock. Nevertheless, the results of several trials attempting anti-inflammatory strategies in HF patients have not been consistent or motivating and the clinical implementation of anti-inflammatory treatments for HF still requires larger and longer trials, as well as novel and/or more specific drugs. The present work reviews the different inflammatory mechanisms contributing to each type of HF, the major inflammatory mediators involved, namely tumor necrosis factor alpha, the interleukins 1, 6, 8, 10, 18, and 33, C-reactive protein and the enzymes myeloperoxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and their effects on heart function. Furthermore, several trials targeting these mediators or involving other anti-inflammatory treatments in human HF are also described and analyzed. Future therapeutic advances will likely involve tailored anti-inflammatory treatments according to the patient's inflammatory profile, as well as the development of resolution pharmacology aimed at stimulating resolution of inflammation pathways in HF.

Indexed as

acute heart failure (AHF)anti-inflammatory strategiescardiogenic shock (CS)chronic heart failure (CHF)clinical trialsinflammationinflammatory mediators

Identifiers

PMID34707513
PMCPMC8543018
OpenAlexW3206422028

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.