ReviewNephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association2021
Chronic kidney disease and neurological disorders: are uraemic toxins the missing piece of the puzzle?
Review in Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuro-Renal Crosstalk Across the Chronic Kidney Disease Spectrum: Stage-Dependent Molecular Mechanisms of Cognitive Impairment-An Integrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Targeting Uremic Toxins in Chronic Kidney Disease: Current Challenges and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Toxins · 2026Review
- Association of tryptophan metabolites with cognitive impairment in chronic kidney disease.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- From Parallel Programming to Bidirectional Crosstalk: The Brain-Kidney Axis in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Encephalopathy: Cause, Pathogenesis, and Treatment.MedComm · 2026Review
- Review
- Impact of chronic kidney disease stage on seizure frequency and severity in pediatric epilepsy patients.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Tryptophan metabolites clearance in hemodialyzed patients.Amino acids · 2026Article
- The Role of Brain Structure in Explaining Physical Functioning in Male Veterans With Impaired Kidney Function.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Article
- Cerebral Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis: the Role of Neuroglia and Associated Factors (Review).Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2026Review
- Venous thromboembolism and secondary outcomes of bleeding and mortality in patients with gliomas: a multicenter cohort study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Multiscale Imaging of Human Adipose Tissue: A Neglected Partner in Proteinuria Linked to Obesity.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Cholinergic system in patients with chronic kidney disease: cognitive and renal implications.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025Review
- Association of Phenylacetylglutamine and Cognitive Impairment in CKD.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Drug Exposure in Chronic Kidney Disease: It Is Not Just About the Glomerular Filtration Rate.Fundamental & clinical pharmacology · 2025Review
- Transporter-Mediated Interactions Between Uremic Toxins and Drugs: A Hidden Driver of Toxicity in Chronic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Uremic Toxins, CKD, and Cognitive Dysfunction.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025Review
- The role of the intestinal microbiome in cognitive decline in patients with kidney disease.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025Review
- Genetic and circulating biomarkers of cognitive dysfunction and dementia in CKD.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025Review
- CONNECT: what has been done and what needs to be done.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
16 authors at 15 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) perturbs the crosstalk with others organs, with the interaction between the kidneys and the heart having been studied most intensively. However, a growing body of data indicates that there is an association between kidney dysfunction and disorders of the central nervous system. In epidemiological studies, CKD is associated with a high prevalence of neurological complications, such as cerebrovascular disorders, movement disorders, cognitive impairment and depression. Along with traditional cardiovascular risk factors (such as diabetes, inflammation, hypertension and dyslipidaemia), non-traditional risk factors related to kidney damage (such as uraemic toxins) may predispose patients with CKD to neurological disorders. There is increasing evidence to show that uraemic toxins, for example indoxyl sulphate, have a neurotoxic effect. A better understanding of factors responsible for the elevated prevalence of neurological disorders among patients with CKD might facilitate the development of novel treatments. Here, we review (i) the potential clinical impact of CKD on cerebrovascular and neurological complications, (ii) the mechanisms underlying the uraemic toxins' putative action (based on pre-clinical and clinical research) and (iii) the potential impact of these findings on patient care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.