ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2021
Immunomodulatory Proteins in Tick Saliva From a Structural Perspective.
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acquired tick resistance inInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Anti-IL-4, Anti-IL-17, and Anti-IFN-Gamma Activity in the Saliva ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Ticks' tricks: immunomodulatory effects of ixodid tick saliva at the cutaneous tick-host interface.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Binding Molecules in Tick Saliva for Targeting Host Cytokines, Chemokines, and Beyond.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Peptidomics Analysis Reveals the Buccal Gland of Jawless Vertebrate Lamprey as a Source of Multiple Bioactive Peptides.Marine drugs · 2023Article
- Current status of structural studies of proteins originating from Arachnida.Systematic and applied acarology · 2023Article
- Host Immune Responses to Salivary Components - A Critical Facet of Tick-Host Interactions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To feed successfully, ticks must bypass or suppress the host's defense mechanisms, particularly the immune system. To accomplish this, ticks secrete specialized immunomodulatory proteins into their saliva, just like many other blood-sucking parasites. However, the strategy of ticks is rather unique compared to their counterparts. Ticks' tendency for gene duplication has led to a diverse arsenal of dozens of closely related proteins from several classes to modulate the immune system's response. Among these are chemokine-binding proteins, complement pathways inhibitors, ion channels modulators, and numerous poorly characterized proteins whose functions are yet to be uncovered. Studying tick immunomodulatory proteins would not only help to elucidate tick-host relationships but would also provide a rich pool of potential candidates for the development of immunomodulatory intervention drugs and potentially new vaccines. In the present review, we will attempt to summarize novel findings on the salivary immunomodulatory proteins of ticks, focusing on biomolecular targets, structure-activity relationships, and the perspective of their development into therapeutics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.