ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
New Artificial Intelligence Score and Immune Infiltrates as Prognostic Factors in Colorectal Cancer With Brain Metastases.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Tumour immune microenvironment prognostic factors in locally advanced rectal cancer, a systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- The Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Improving Polyp and Adenoma Detection Rate During Colonoscopy: Systematic-Review and Meta-Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Pooled it
- Machine Learning Prediction of Local Failure in GI Brain Metastases on the Day of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026Article
- TYRO3, AXL, MERTK and Their Ligands in Brain Metastases From Colorectal Cancers.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Colorectal cancer metastasis to the brain: A scoping review of incidence, treatment, and outcomes.World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology · 2025Article
- The METACER national cohort study of brain metastases in gastrointestinal cancers prospectively establishes prognostic factors.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Unraveling the alterations and biomarkers in the tumor microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma metastases and their indications for therapeutic response and prognosis.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Review
- Immune cell infiltrates in peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy with pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Single-fraction SRS and multiple-fraction SRT for brain metastases from colorectal cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Incidence of brain metastases has increased in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) as their survival has improved. CD3 T-cells and, lately, DGMate (DiGital tuMor pArameTErs) score, have been identified as prognostic factors in locally advanced CRC. Until now, there is no data concerning the prognostic value of these markers in patients with CRC-derived brain metastases. All consecutive patients with CRC-derived brain metastases diagnosed between 2000 and 2017 were retrospectively included. Staining for CD3, CD8, PD-1, PD-L1 and DGMate analyses were performed using tissue micro-array from primary tumors and, if available, brain metastases. All in all, 83 patients were included with 80 primary tumor samples and 37 brain metastases samples available. CD3 and CD8 T-cell infiltration was higher in primary tumors compared to brain metastases. We observed a significant higher DGMate score in rectal tumors compared to colon tumors (p=0.03). We also noted a trend of higher CD3 T-cell infiltration in primary tumors when brain metastases were both supra and subtentorial compared to brain metastases that were only subtentorial or supratentorial (p=0.36 and p=0.03, respectively). No correlation was found between CD3 or CD8 infiltration or DGMate score in primary tumors or brain metastases and overall survival (OS) in the overall population. In patients with rectal tumors, a high DGMate score in brain metastases was associated with longer OS (13.4 ± 6.1 months versus 6.1 ± 1.4 months, p=0.02). High CD3 T-cell infiltration in brain metastases was associated with lower OS in patients with supratentorial brain metastases (9.8 ± 3.3 months versus 16.7 ± 5.9 months, p=0.03). PD-L1 overexpression was rare, both in primary tumors and brain metastases, but PD-L1 positive primary tumors were associated with worse OS (p=0.01). In contrast to breast and lung cancer derived brain metastases, CD3 and CD8 infiltration and DGMate score are not major prognostic factors in patients with CRC-derived brain metastases.
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