Evidence mapPaperPMID 34734034Full record

ArticleAnnals of translational medicine2021

Hypoglycemia following the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a real-world analysis of post-marketing surveillance data.

Zhe Zhao, Yan Tang, Yang Hu, Huijuan Zhu, Xiaoguang Chen, Bin Zhao

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of translational medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
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  6. National Poison Center Trends in GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Exposures Following FDA Approval for Weight Loss.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Associated Unmasking of Insulinoma.European journal of case reports in internal medicine · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
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  11. Evaluating the potential of metabolic drugs in obstructive sleep apnea and obesity: a narrative review.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Zhe ZhaoDepartment of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Yan TangDepartment of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Yang HuDepartment of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Huijuan ZhuDepartment of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Xiaoguang ChenState Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Bin ZhaoDepartment of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College · CNPeking Union Medical College Hospital · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRecent evidence has emerged concerning hypoglycemia following the application of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs). Nevertheless, few real-world investigations have been performed to determine the clinical characteristics, onset, and outcomes of hypoglycemia associated with different GLP-1RAs. This study aimed to compare and assess the relationship between various GLP-1RAs and hypoglycemia in a large population based on updated data from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

methodsBayesian and disproportionality analyses were applied to data mining in order to investigate suspected cases of hypoglycemia following various GLP-1RAs using the FAERS data between January 2004 and September 2020. We also evaluated the onset time, fatality risks, and hospitalization proportions of GLP-1RA-related hypoglycemia.

resultsWe identified 1,164 GLP-1RA-associated hypoglycemia cases, which seemed to affect more middle-aged patients than elderly ones. Also, females were more affected than males. Lixisenatide demonstrated a stronger association with hypoglycemia compared to other GLP-1RAs, according to the highest reporting odds ratio (ROR) (28.03, 95% confidence interval =15.92, 49.32), empirical Bayes geometric mean [26.00, 95% confidence interval (CI): 16.20], and proportional reporting ratio (PRR) (26.01, χ

conclusionsBy analyzing the FAERS data, we outlined the association between hypoglycemia and different GLP-1RAs in greater detail in terms of clinical features, onset, and outcomes. Among all six GLP-1RAs, lixisenatide demonstrated the strongest association with hypoglycemia while no relationship between albiglutide and hypoglycemia was observed. Attention should be given to GLP-1RAs when used in patients with high risks of hypoglycemia.

Indexed as

adverse event reporting systemGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA)hypoglycemia

Identifiers

PMID34734034
PMCPMC8506728
OpenAlexW3201672265

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.