ReviewFrontiers in immunology
Novel Systemic Inflammation Markers to Predict COVID-19 Prognosis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05974904 (Association of High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio with Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 94 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Association of High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio with Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis: a Cross-sectional Study
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 165 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systemic immune-inflammation index and the short-term mortality of patients with sepsis: A meta-analysis.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Systemic immune inflammation index with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a meta-analysis.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2024Pooled it
- The role of CAR and SII values in determining mortality in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective observational study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a correlative factor of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates: associations with lymphocyte subsets alterations.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The prognostic value of red cell distribution width-to-albumin ratio (RAR) in COVID-19 pneumonia: implications for early diagnosis.Virology journal · 2026Article
- The Prognostic Significance of Advanced Lung Cancer Inflammation Index in Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using Noninvasive Ventilatory Support.Canadian respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Article
- The Value of NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII Combined with Lower Respiratory Tract Symptoms in Predicting Pulmonary Complications in Non-Risk-Factor Influenza A Patients.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Predicting 3-month prognosis of cerebral venous thrombosis: a machine learning approach incorporating inflammatory markers.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Systemic inflammation response index (SIRI)-based risk of pneumonia following successful PCI in STEMI patients.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Serum Albumin Role as a Prognostic Biomarker of Radiological Gonarthrosis Progression: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study.Indian journal of orthopaedics · 2025Article
- AI-driven prediction of severe respiratory sequelae in COVID-19 patients.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of human metapneumovirus in children in Hangzhou, China.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Assessment of Mortality Risk in Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Role of Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Article
- Enhancing mortality prediction in AIDS and disseminatedJournal of medical microbiology · 2025Article
- Predictors of response to accelerated rTMS in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Association between the nutritional inflammation index and mortality among patients with sepsis: insights from traditional methods and machine learning-based mortality prediction.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Altered liver hemodynamics in patients with COVID-19: a cross sectional study.Journal of ultrasound · 2025Article
- MixOmics Integration of Biological Datasets Identifies Highly Correlated Variables of COVID-19 Severity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Clinical and Paraclinical Peculiarities of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Infections in Children: A Comparative Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global pandemic, challenging both the medical and scientific community for the development of novel vaccines and a greater understanding of the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. COVID-19 has been associated with a pronounced and out-of-control inflammatory response. Studies have sought to understand the effects of inflammatory response markers to prognosticate the disease. Herein, we aimed to review the evidence of 11 groups of systemic inflammatory markers for risk-stratifying patients and prognosticating outcomes related to COVID-19. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in prognosticating patient outcomes, including but not limited to severe disease, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, intubation, and death. A few markers outperformed NLR in predicting outcomes, including 1) systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), 2) prognostic nutritional index (PNI), 3) C-reactive protein (CRP) to albumin ratio (CAR) and high-sensitivity CAR (hsCAR), and 4) CRP to prealbumin ratio (CPAR) and high-sensitivity CPAR (hsCPAR). However, there are a limited number of studies comparing NLR with these markers, and such conclusions require larger validation studies. Overall, the evidence suggests that most of the studied markers are able to predict COVID-19 prognosis, however NLR seems to be the most robust marker.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.