Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34745143›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021

Growth Factors and Their Roles in Multiple Sclerosis Risk.

Hui Lu, Peng-Fei Wu, Deng-Lei Ma, Wan Zhang, Meichen Sun

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Profiling the Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Treatment Effects and Associations with IgM Oligoclonal Bands.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Hui LuDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Peng-Fei WuCenter for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Deng-Lei MaDepartment of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Wan ZhangDepartment of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Meichen SunDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Capital Medical University · CNBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center · USHarvard University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have suggested essential roles of growth factors on the risk of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), but it remains undefined whether the effects are causal. Objective: We applied Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches to disentangle the causal relationship between genetically predicted circulating levels of growth factors and the risk of MS. Methods: Genetic instrumental variables for fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1), insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 3 (IGFBP3) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were obtained from up-to-date genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Summary-level statistics of MS were obtained from the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium, incorporating 14,802 subjects with MS and 26,703 healthy controls of European ancestry. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) MR was used as the primary method and multiple sensitivity analyses were employed in this study. Results: Genetically predicted circulating levels of FGF23 were associated with risk of MS. The odds ratio (OR) of IVW was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49-0.82; Conclusion: Our results implied a causal relationship between FGF23 and the risk of MS. Further studies are warranted to confirm FGF23 as a genetically valid target for MS.

Indexed as

AdultAgedFemaleFibroblast Growth Factor-23Genome-Wide Association StudyGrowth Differentiation Factor 15HumansInsulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3Intercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMaleMendelian Randomization AnalysisMiddle AgedMultiple SclerosisVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AFGF23 protein, humanFibroblast Growth Factor-23GDF15 protein, humanGrowth Differentiation Factor 15IGFBP3 protein, humanInsulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3Intercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsVascular Endothelial Growth Factor Afibroblast growth factor 23genetic epidemiologygrowth factorsMendelian randomizationmultiple sclerosis

Identifiers

PMID34745143
PMCPMC8566812
OpenAlexW3211233691

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.