SynthesisBioMed research international2021

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Alirocumab and Evolocumab on Familial Hypercholesterolemia.

Xiaoyue Ge, Tiantian Zhu, Hao Zeng, Xin Yu, Juan Li, Shanshan Xie, Jinjin Wan, Huiyao Yang, Keke Huang, Weifang Zhang

RetractedOpen access · hybridFull text readMeta-AnalysisSystematic ReviewRetracted Publication
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BioMed research international, 2021. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map: it supports the treatment in 1. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 9 papers.

1number the graph read from it
1cell of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
-55.80 · no effect
Lipidsfavours the treatment · against placebo · ascvd, dyslipidemiafeeds one cell of the map
reduced -49.1-55.8 to -42.5
The results showed that PCSK9-mAbs reduced the LDL-C level by the greatest margin, WMD -49.14%, 95% CI: -55.81 to -42.47%, on FH versus control groups.

clause the extractor read what became the number

2 · Its place on the map

Where it lands on the map

Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.

supports the treatmentfavours the comparatorno clear differenceread, but no usable result
3 · What it changes

What it adds to each cell

For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.

PCSK9 inhibitors×lipids

SupportsOpen on the map →What to test next →

34 readable studies in this cell: 29 favour the treatment, 2 find no difference, 3 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.93established · 26 families support, 2 contradict · against placebo
Without itNot a counted family in this claim, so removing it changes nothing.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
0 · no effect
NCT017638662,067 enrolled · 2013
Δ -71.4-77.5 to -65.3
NCT034008001,617 enrolled · 2017
Δ -53.5-56.7 to -50.4
NCT02662569986 enrolled · 2016
Δ -70.3-75.4 to -65.2
NCT04807400892 enrolled · 2021
Least Squares Mean -31.8-37.9 to -25.8
NCT01380730631 enrolled · 2011
Δ -66.1-71.5 to -60.7
NCT01763827615 enrolled · 2013
Δ -57.1-61.1 to -53.1
NCT01984424511 enrolled · 2013
Δ -37.8-42.3 to -33.3
NCT02833844467 enrolled · 2017
Δ -56.9-61.5 to -52.3
NCT04929249450 enrolled · 2021
Δ -53.0-60.0 to -46.0
NCT02739984424 enrolled · 2016
Δ -64.1-68.2 to -60.1
NCT02642159413 enrolled · 2016
Δ -32.5-38.1 to -27.0
NCT01375777411 enrolled · 2011
Δ -47.2-54.5 to -39.9

This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.

4 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

5 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. PCSK9 inhibition: from effectiveness to cost-effectiveness.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024
    Review
  2. Article
  3. The evolving landscape of PCSK9 inhibition in cancer.European journal of pharmacology · 2023
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Observational
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
6 · The record

Corrections and comments

7 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Xiaoyue GeThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
Tiantian ZhuTeaching and Research Office of Clinical Pharmacology, China Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
Hao ZengThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
Xin YuTeaching and Research Office of Clinical Pharmacology, China Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
Juan LiThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
Shanshan XieThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
Jinjin WanThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
Huiyao YangPhase I Clinical Trial Center of Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China.
Keke HuangTeaching and Research Office of Clinical Pharmacology, China Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
Weifang ZhangThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8421-1395
Nanchang University · CNXinxiang Medical University · CNChongqing University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

8 · The paper itself

Abstract

The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.

objectivesThe aim of this study was to provide the first study to systematically analyze the efficacy and safety of PCSK9-mAbs in the treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).

methodsA computer was used to search the electronic Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Embase databases for clinical trials using the following search terms: "AMG 145", "evolocumab", "SAR236553/REGN727", "alirocumab", "RG7652", "LY3015014", "RN316/bococizumab", "PCSK9", and "familial hypercholesterolemia" up to November 2020. Study quality was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration's tool, and publication bias was evaluated by a contour-enhanced funnel plot and the Harbord modification of the Egger test. After obtaining the data, a meta-analysis was performed using R software, version 4.0.3.

resultsA meta-analysis was performed on 7 clinical trials (926 total patients). The results showed that PCSK9-mAbs reduced the LDL-C level by the greatest margin, WMD -49.14%, 95% CI: -55.81 to -42.47%, on FH versus control groups. PCSK9-mAbs also significantly reduced lipoprotein (a) (Lp (a)), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels and increased HDL-C and apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1) levels of beneficial lipoproteins. Moreover, no significant difference was found between PCSK9-mAbs treatment and placebo in common adverse events, serious events, and laboratory adverse events.

conclusionPCSK9-mAbs significantly decreased LDL-C and other lipid levels with satisfactory safety and tolerability in FH treatment.

Indexed as

Antibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAnticholesteremic AgentsCardiovascular DiseasesChinaCholesterol, LDLHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsHypercholesterolemiaHyperlipoproteinemia Type IIPCSK9 InhibitorsProprotein Convertase 9Treatment OutcomealirocumabAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAnticholesteremic AgentsCholesterol, LDLevolocumabHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsPCSK9 InhibitorsPCSK9 protein, humanProprotein Convertase 9

Identifiers

PMID34754882
PMCPMC8572599
OpenAlexW3209843635

What Socratic holds

Textfull text, public
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.