Evidence mapPaperPMID 34755128Full record

ArticleCell reports. Medicine2021

Altered brown fat thermoregulation and enhanced cold-induced thermogenesis in young, healthy, winter-swimming men.

Susanna Søberg, Johan Löfgren, Frederik E Philipsen, Michal Jensen, Adam E Hansen, Esben Ahrens, Kristin B Nystrup, Rune D Nielsen, Christine Sølling, Anne-Sophie Wedell-Neergaard and 8 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. PGC-1α Activation by Polyphenols: A Pathway to Thermogenesis.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Susanna SøbergThe Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
Johan LöfgrenDepartment of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
Frederik E PhilipsenDepartment of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
Michal JensenThe Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
Adam E HansenDepartment of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
Esben AhrensDepartment of Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
Kristin B NystrupDepartment of Neuroanaesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
Rune D NielsenDepartment of Neuroanaesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
Christine SøllingDepartment of Neuroanaesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
Anne-Sophie Wedell-NeergaardThe Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
Marianne BerntsenDepartment of Neuroanaesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
Annika LoftDepartment of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
Andreas KjærDepartment of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
Zachary Gerhart-HinesNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
Helle H JohannesenDepartment of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
Bente K PedersenThe Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
Kristian KarstoftThe Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
Camilla ScheeleThe Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
University of Copenhagen · DKRigshospitalet · DK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Scandinavian winter-swimming culture combines brief dips in cold water with hot sauna sessions, with conceivable effects on body temperature. We study thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) in experienced winter-swimming men performing this activity 2-3 times per week. Our data suggest a lower thermal comfort state in the winter swimmers compared with controls, with a lower core temperature and absence of BAT activity. In response to cold, we observe greater increases in cold-induced thermogenesis and supraclavicular skin temperature in the winter swimmers, whereas BAT glucose uptake and muscle activity increase similarly to those of the controls. All subjects demonstrate nocturnal reduction in supraclavicular skin temperature, whereas a distinct peak occurs at 4:30-5:30 a.m. in the winter swimmers. Our data leverage understanding of BAT in adult human thermoregulation, suggest both heat and cold acclimation in winter swimmers, and propose winter swimming as a potential strategy for increasing energy expenditure.

Indexed as

Cold TemperatureSeasonsAdipose Tissue, BrownAdultCircadian RhythmHormonesHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMalePerceptionPositron-Emission TomographySkin TemperatureSwimmingThermogenesisThermographyYoung AdultHormonesadipose tissuecold acclimationcold water immersioncore temperatureenergy expenditureheat acclimationhuman brown fathuman circadian rhythmsaunathermal comfort

Identifiers

PMID34755128
PMCPMC8561167
OpenAlexW3205221523

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.