ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Brainstem and Cortical Spreading Depolarization in a Closed Head Injury Rat Model.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy in Rat Models: Assessing Hemostatic Changes in Mild and Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Paediatric traumatic brain injury: unique population and unique challenges.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Perceiving traumatic brain injury from glymphatic system.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Severe Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Presenting Characteristics: Abusive Versus Accidental Trauma.Journal of neurotrauma · 2025Article
- An algorithm for seizure detection in rodents.Epilepsia open · 2025Article
- Repetitive cortical spreading depolarizations are prolonged early after experimental traumatic brain injury.Experimental neurology · 2025Article
- Similarities in the Electrographic Patterns of Delayed Cerebral Infarction and Brain Death After Aneurysmal and Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Translational stroke research · 2025Review
- From spreading depolarization to blood-brain barrier dysfunction: navigating traumatic brain injury for novel diagnosis and therapy.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
- Quantitative, real-time imaging of spreading depolarization-associated neuronal ROS production.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Memantine inhibits cortical spreading depolarization and improves neurovascular function following repetitive traumatic brain injury.Science advances · 2023Article
- Neuroinflammation: The Pathogenic Mechanism of Neurological Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death in young individuals, and is a major health concern that often leads to long-lasting complications. However, the electrophysiological events that occur immediately after traumatic brain injury, and may underlie impact outcomes, have not been fully elucidated. To investigate the electrophysiological events that immediately follow traumatic brain injury, a weight-drop model of traumatic brain injury was used in rats pre-implanted with epidural and intracerebral electrodes. Electrophysiological (near-direct current) recordings and simultaneous alternating current recordings of brain activity were started within seconds following impact. Cortical spreading depolarization (SD) and SD-induced spreading depression occurred in approximately 50% of mild and severe impacts. SD was recorded within three minutes after injury in either one or both brain hemispheres. Electrographic seizures were rare. While both TBI- and electrically induced SDs resulted in elevated oxidative stress, TBI-exposed brains showed a reduced antioxidant defense. In severe TBI, brainstem SD could be recorded in addition to cortical SD, but this did not lead to the death of the animals. Severe impact, however, led to immediate death in 24% of animals, and was electrocorticographically characterized by non-spreading depression (NSD) of activity followed by terminal SD in both cortex and brainstem.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.