Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34769600›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

COVID-Transformer: Interpretable COVID-19 Detection Using Vision Transformer for Healthcare.

Debaditya Shome, T Kar, Sachi Nandan Mohanty, Prayag Tiwari, Khan Muhammad, Abdullah AlTameem, Yazhou Zhang, Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
14.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 144 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
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  11. Transformer models in biomedicine.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2024
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Deep learning framework for rapid and accurate respiratory COVID-19 prediction using chest X-ray images.Journal of King Saud University. Computer and information sciences · 2023
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. COVID-19 and pneumonia diagnosis from chest X-ray images using convolutional neural networks.Network modeling and analysis in health informatics and bioinformatics · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.

Debaditya ShomeSchool of Electronics Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Odisha 751024, India.ORCID 0000-0001-9168-0379
T KarSchool of Electronics Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University, Odisha 751024, India.ORCID 0000-0001-9020-3626
Sachi Nandan MohantyDepartment of Computer Science & Engineering, Vardhaman College of Engineering (Autonomous), Hyderabad 501218, India.ORCID 0000-0002-4939-0797
Prayag TiwariDepartment of Computer Science, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-2851-4260
Khan MuhammadVisual Analytics for Knowledge Laboratory (VIS2KNOW Lab), School of Convergence, College of Computing and Informatics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-5302-1150
Abdullah AlTameemInformation Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia.
Yazhou ZhangSoftware Engineering College, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China.ORCID 0000-0002-5699-0176
Abdul Khader Jilani SaudagarInformation Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-4205-3621
Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University · SAKIIT University · INAalto University · FISungkyunkwan University · KRZhengzhou University of Light Industry · CN

Funding

Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia 959
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the recent pandemic, accurate and rapid testing of patients remained a critical task in the diagnosis and control of COVID-19 disease spread in the healthcare industry. Because of the sudden increase in cases, most countries have faced scarcity and a low rate of testing. Chest X-rays have been shown in the literature to be a potential source of testing for COVID-19 patients, but manually checking X-ray reports is time-consuming and error-prone. Considering these limitations and the advancements in data science, we proposed a Vision Transformer-based deep learning pipeline for COVID-19 detection from chest X-ray-based imaging. Due to the lack of large data sets, we collected data from three open-source data sets of chest X-ray images and aggregated them to form a 30 K image data set, which is the largest publicly available collection of chest X-ray images in this domain to our knowledge. Our proposed transformer model effectively differentiates COVID-19 from normal chest X-rays with an accuracy of 98% along with an AUC score of 99% in the binary classification task. It distinguishes COVID-19, normal, and pneumonia patient's X-rays with an accuracy of 92% and AUC score of 98% in the Multi-class classification task. For evaluation on our data set, we fine-tuned some of the widely used models in literature, namely, EfficientNetB0, InceptionV3, Resnet50, MobileNetV3, Xception, and DenseNet-121, as baselines. Our proposed transformer model outperformed them in terms of all metrics. In addition, a Grad-CAM based visualization is created which makes our approach interpretable by radiologists and can be used to monitor the progression of the disease in the affected lungs, assisting healthcare.

Indexed as

COVID-19Deep LearningCOVID-19 TestingDelivery of Health CareHumansSARS-CoV-2COVID-19data sciencedeep learninggrad-CAMhealthcareinterpretabilitytransfer learningvision transformer

Identifiers

PMID34769600
PMCPMC8583247
OpenAlexW3207549851

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.