ArticleThe ocular surface2022
Human meibum and tear film derived cholesteryl and wax esters in meibomian gland dysfunction and tear film structure.
Article in The ocular surface, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacologic Alteration of Meibum Lipid Composition Alleviates Dry Eye Phenotype in Awat2-/- Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Comprehensive lipid analysis of human meibum and tears.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- RNA Sequencing and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Differences in Muscle Characteristics and Metabolic Profiles Between Purebred and Crossbred Huainan Pigs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Thermotropic phase transitions of binary mixtures of wax and cholesteryl esters relevant to tears.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the Effects ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Impact of Hyperglycemia on Tear Film and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- A Comparative Metabolomics Study of the Potential Marker Compounds in Feces from Different Hybrid Offspring of Huainan Pigs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Meibomian gland lipid alterations and ocular surface sequela in Awat2 knockout murine model of meibomian gland dysfunction and evaporative dry eye disease.The ocular surface · 2024Article
- Nanomedicines for Dry Eye Syndrome: Targeting Oxidative Stress with Modern Nanomaterial Strategies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Meibum Lipidomic Analysis in Evaporative Dry Eye Subjects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Impact of Dyslipidemia on Tear Film and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Interplay between Serum Lipid Profile and Ocular Surface Health.Journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Relationship Between Human Meibum Lipid Composition and the Severity of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Spectroscopic Analysis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Dry Eye Disease Associated with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Focus on Tear Film Characteristics and the Therapeutic Landscape.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2023Review
- The role of sphingolipids in meibomian gland dysfunction and ocular surface inflammation.The ocular surface · 2022Review
- Relationships between ocular surface sphingomyelinases, Meibum and Tear Sphingolipids, and clinical parameters of meibomian gland dysfunction.The ocular surface · 2022Article
- Candidate Molecular Compounds as Potential Indicators for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis study evaluated the presence and roles of cholesteryl esters (CEs) and wax esters (WEs) from human tear film and meibum in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).
methodsOut of 195 enrolled subjects, 164 and 179 subjects provided tear and meibum samples, respectively. Subjects were classified into normal, asymptomatic MGD, MGD, and mixed (MGD & aqueous deficient). The precorneal tear film (PCTF) thinning rate (evaporation) was measured using optical coherence tomography. Lipids extracted from tear and meibum samples were infused into a SCIEX 5600 TripleTOF mass spectrometer. CE and WE intensities quantified with Analyst 1.7 TF and LipidView 1.3 were compared across disease groups in MetaboAnalyst 5.0 and correlated with PCTF thinning rates.
resultsThe numbers of unique CEs and WEs identified in the samples were 125 and 86, respectively. Unsupervised Principal Component (PC) analysis and supervised Partial Least Square Discriminant analysis exhibited little separation among groups for both CEs and WEs in tears and meibum. Spearman's correlation analyses showed no association between either the first or second PC scores with PCTF thinning rates.
conclusionThe abundances of human PCTF and meibum-derived CEs and WEs were independent of MGD disease status and PCTF thinning (evaporation). CEs and WEs alterations do not contribute to alterations in tear film dynamics in MGD, such as has been demonstrated by the (O-acyl) ω-hydroxy fatty acids (OAHFAs).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.