Observational studyAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2021
Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: A 3-year prospective multicenter study.
Observational study in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Longitudinal Measures as Prognostic Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Pooled it
- Retinal optical coherence tomography measures in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Optical coherence tomography angiography measurements in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of Ibudilast on Retinal Atrophy in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Subtypes: Post Hoc Analyses of the SPRINT-MS Trial.Neurology · 2023Trial
- Retinal vessel oxygen saturation is affected in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Retinal layers prognosticate cognitive progression independent of relapse activity in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Applying the 2024-revised McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis using conventional diagnostic tools: a single-centre prospective cohort study in Germany.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- AI-Based Classification of Multiple Sclerosis Using OCT Retinal Layer Thickness Across Two Centers.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- The Austrian MS database and the Austrian MS cohort : A national effort towards data harmonization and prospective data collection.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Article
- Article
- Machine learning based model for the detection of multiple sclerosis from OCT-derived macular and optic disc retinal biomarkers.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Reliability of Macular Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness Measurements Across Scan Protocols in Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Association of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thickness with Disability and MRI Findings in Multiple Sclerosis: A Retrospective Single-Centre Cohort Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Functional and structural outcomes in paediatric myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD): a prospective study.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Correlations Between OCTA Parameters and Clinical Changes in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Two-year OCT follow-up in multiple sclerosis patients on Ofatumumab shows retinal preservation over non-antiCD20 treatments.Journal of neurology · 2026Observational
- Translational molecular imaging and drug development in multiple sclerosis.Theranostics · 2026Review
- GFAP, CHI3L1 and GCIPL Thickness as Baseline Predictors of Early Disability Progression in MS.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Observational
- Ensemble learning-based method for multiple sclerosis screening from retinal OCT images.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2025Article
- The clinical relevance of hyper-reflective foci in the inner retina at the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.Neurological research and practice · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 13 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate changes over 3 years in the thickness of inner retinal layers including the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), and combined macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers (mGCIPL), in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) versus healthy controls; to determine whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) is sufficiently sensitive and reproducible to detect small degrees of neuroaxonal loss over time that correlate with changes in brain volume and disability progression as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).
methodsIndividuals with RRMS from 28 centers (n = 333) were matched with 64 healthy participants. OCT scans were performed on Heidelberg Spectralis machines (at baseline; 1 month; 6 months; 6-monthly thereafter).
resultsOCT measurements were highly reproducible between baseline and 1 month (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.98). Significant inner retinal layer thinning was observed in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with controls regardless of previous MS-associated optic neuritis--group differences (95% CI) over 3 years: pRNFL: -1.86 (-2.54, -1.17) µm; mGCIPL: -2.03 (-2.78, -1.28) µm (both p < 0.0001; effect sizes 0.39 and 0.34). Greater inner retinal layer atrophy was observed in individuals diagnosed with RRMS <3 years versus >5 years (pRNFL: p < 0.05; mGCIPL: p < 0.01). Brain volume decreased by 1.3% in individuals with MS over 3 years compared to 0.5% in control subjects (effect size 0.76). mGCIPL atrophy correlated with brain atrophy (p < 0.0001). There was no correlation of OCT data with disability progression.
interpretationOCT has potential to estimate rates of neurodegeneration in the retina and brain. The effect size for OCT, smaller than for magnetic resonance imaging based on Heidelberg Spectralis data acquired in this study, was increased in early disease.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.