ArticleNature communications2021
Mechanistic principles of an ultra-long bovine CDR reveal strategies for antibody design.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Artificial intelligence in biologic drug discovery: A review of methodological evolution and therapeutic applications.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Class switched bovine ultralong CDR H3 amplicons versus canonical in immune and non-immune tissues.Immunogenetics · 2026Article
- A humanized LIF-targeting antibody synergistically enhances chemo- and immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Therapeutic efficacy of bovine ultra-long CDR H3 antibody against BVDV in challenged BALB/c mouse model.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immunogenicity of Adalimumab in Bacterial Molecular Mimicry: In Silico Analysis.JMIR bioinformatics and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Comparative Molecular Dynamics Study of 19 Bovine Antibodies with Ultralong CDR H3.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Bovine Ultra-Long CDR H3 Specific for Bovine Rotavirus Displays Potent Virus Neutralization and Therapeutic Effects in Infected Calves.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Stability convergence in natural antibodies with ultra-long hypervariable loops.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Analysis of CDR3 region diversity with different lengths in bovine immunoglobulin heavy chain genes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- De Novo Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of CDR-H3 Loop Mimics.ACS chemical biology · 2024Article
- The impact of exchanging the light and heavy chains on the structures of bovine ultralong antibodies.Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications · 2024Article
- Evolution of immunogenetic components encoding ultralong CDR H3.Immunogenetics · 2023Article
- Cattle-derived knob paratopes grafted onto peripheral loops of the IgG1 Fc region enable the generation of a novel symmetric bispecific antibody format.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Serum albumin binding knob domains engineered within a VFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Antibodies bind antigens via flexible loops called complementarity-determining regions (CDRs). These are usually 6-20 residues long. However, some bovine antibodies have ultra-long CDRs comprising more than 50 residues organized in a stalk and a disulfide-rich knob. The design features of this structural unit and its influence on antibody stability remained enigmatic. Here, we show that the stalk length is critical for the folding and stability of antibodies with an ultra-long CDR and that the disulfide bonds in the knob do not contribute to stability; they are important for organizing the antigen-binding knob structure. The bovine ultra-long CDR can be integrated into human antibody scaffolds. Furthermore, mini-domains from de novo design can be reformatted as ultra-long CDRs to create unique antibody-based proteins neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 and the Alpha variant of concern with high efficiency. Our findings reveal basic design principles of antibody structure and open new avenues for protein engineering.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.