ReviewFrontiers in psychiatry2021
The Complex Molecular Picture of Gut and Oral Microbiota-Brain-Depression System: What We Know and What We Need to Know.
Review in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Major depressive disorder-alcohol use disorder comorbidity: diagnosis, mechanisms and treatment.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Human oral microbiota dysbiosis may be a novel non-invasive indicator of erectile dysfunction.Journal of dental sciences · 2026Article
- Linking oral microbiome with mental health: A review.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- From gums to moods: Exploring the impact of the oral microbiota on depression.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Review
- Oral microbiota among treatment-naïve adolescents with depression: A case-control study.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- The Oral-Gut-Brain Axis: The Influence of Microbes as a Link of Periodontitis With Ischemic Stroke.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Balancing the Oral-Gut-Brain Axis with Diet.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Review of research progress on intestinal microbiota based on metabolism and inflammation for depression.Archives of microbiology · 2024Review
- Understanding the Biological Relationship between Migraine and Depression.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Depression and the Aberrant Intestinal Microbiome.Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Article
- Association between oral microbial dysbiosis and poor functional outcomes in stroke-associated pneumonia patients.BMC microbiology · 2023Observational
- The Immune System Response toMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- From-Toilet-to-Freezer: A Review on Requirements for an Automatic Protocol to Collect and Store Human Fecal Samples for Research Purposes.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Gut and oral microbiome modulate molecular and clinical markers of schizophrenia-related symptoms: A transdiagnostic, multilevel pilot study.Psychiatry research · 2023Article
- The association between oral and gut microbiota in male patients with alcohol dependence.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Prophylactic Effect of Bovine Colostrum on Intestinal Microbiota and Behavior in Wild-Type and Zonulin Transgenic Mice.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Toward a Deeper Understanding of Gut Microbiome in Depression: The Promise of Clinical Applicability.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex mental disorder where the neurochemical, neuroendocrine, immune, and metabolic systems are impaired. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional network where the central and enteric nervous systems are linked through the same endocrine, immune, neural, and metabolic routes dysregulated in MDD. Thus, gut-brain axis abnormalities in MDD patients may, at least in part, account for the symptomatic features associated with MDD. Recent investigations have suggested that the oral microbiome also plays a key role in this complex molecular picture of relationships. As on one hand there is a lot of what we know and on the other hand little of what we still need to know, we structured this review focusing, in the first place, on putting all pieces of this complex puzzle together, underlying the endocrine, immune, oxidative stress, neural, microbial neurotransmitters, and metabolites molecular interactions and systems lying at the base of gut microbiota (GM)-brain-depression interphase. Then, we focused on promising but still under-explored areas of research strictly linked to the GM and potentially involved in MDD development: (i) the interconnection of GM with oral microbiome that can influence the neuroinflammation-related processes and (ii) gut phageome (bacteria-infecting viruses). As conclusions and future directions, we discussed potentiality but also pitfalls, roadblocks, and the gaps to be bridged in this exciting field of research. By the development of a broader knowledge of the biology associated with MDD, with the inclusion of the gut/oral microbiome, we can accelerate the growth toward a better global health based on precision medicine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.