Evidence mapPaperPMID 34827633Full record

ReviewBiomolecules2021

Symptomatic, Genetic, and Mechanistic Overlaps between Autism and Alzheimer's Disease.

Muhammad Shahid Nadeem, Salman Hosawi, Sultan Alshehri, Mohammed M Ghoneim, Syed Sarim Imam, Bibi Nazia Murtaza, Imran Kazmi

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biomolecules, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Serum Levels of Wnt/β-catenin Pathway Regulators Dkk-1, PORCN, Notum, and Tiki-1 in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Protein-Altering Variants' Analysis in Autism Subgroups Uncovers Early Brain-Expressed Gene Modules Relevant to Autism Pathophysiology.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025
    Article
  9. Epidemiology of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia Among Medicare and Medicaid Enrolled Autistic Adults, 2011-2019.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025
    Article
  10. Abamectin Causes Neurotoxicity in Zebrafish Embryos.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  11. Frontiers in microbiology · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Muhammad Shahid NadeemDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-4112-0925
Salman HosawiDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-0639-1618
Sultan AlshehriDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-0922-9819
Mohammed M GhoneimDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-9179-4373
Syed Sarim ImamDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-8913-0826
Bibi Nazia MurtazaDepartment of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22310, Pakistan.
Imran KazmiDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-1881-5219
King Abdulaziz University · SAKing Saud University · SAAbbottabad University of Science and Technology · PKAlfaisal University · SA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders affecting two opposite ends of life span, i.e., childhood and old age. Both disorders pose a cumulative threat to human health, with the rate of incidences increasing considerably worldwide. In the context of recent developments, we aimed to review correlated symptoms and genetics, and overlapping aspects in the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of ASD and AD. Dementia, insomnia, and weak neuromuscular interaction, as well as communicative and cognitive impairments, are shared symptoms. A number of genes and proteins linked with both disorders have been tabulated, including MECP2, ADNP, SCN2A, NLGN, SHANK, PTEN, RELN, and FMR1. Theories about the role of neuron development, processing, connectivity, and levels of neurotransmitters in both disorders have been discussed. Based on the recent literature, the roles of FMRP (Fragile X mental retardation protein), hnRNPC (heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein-C), IRP (Iron regulatory proteins), miRNAs (MicroRNAs), and α-, β0, and γ-secretases in the posttranscriptional regulation of cellular synthesis and processing of APP (amyloid-β precursor protein) have been elaborated to describe the parallel and overlapping routes and mechanisms of ASD and AD pathogenesis. However, the interactive role of genetic and environmental factors, oxidative and metal ion stress, mutations in the associated genes, and alterations in the related cellular pathways in the development of ASD and AD needs further investigation.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseAutistic DisorderGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansModels, BiologicalAlzheimer’s diseaseautism spectrum disordergenesmechanismspathogenesissymptoms

Identifiers

PMID34827633
PMCPMC8615882
OpenAlexW3209204425

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.