ReviewAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2021
The Blood-Brain Barrier, Oxidative Stress, and Insulin Resistance.
Review in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dual task performance in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review with meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The impact of triglyceride-glucose index on ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023Pooled it
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Delta (PPARδ) as a Metabolic Gatekeeper of Cerebrovascular Integrity.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Review
- Metainflammation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Organokine Crosstalk: A Central Axis Linking Metabolic Syndrome to Cardiovascular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Association Between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and in-Hospital Intensive Care Unit Readmission in Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Retrospective Analysis Based on the MIMIC-IV Database.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Memory impairment and chronic high-dose Δ9-THC/cannabis exposure: a narrative review of molecular mechanisms underlying neurotoxic effects.Psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Association between hemoglobin glycation index and delirium after gastric surgery: Based upon the MIMIC-IV.Medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Association of various insulin resistance surrogate markers with mortality risk in critically ill patients with ischemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Elovanoid neuroprotection targets cell transcriptomics and proteomics to sustain synaptic integrity after brain injury.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of the triglyceride-glucose index in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular treatment.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Chemokine Networks in Blood-Brain Barrier Regulation: Bidirectional Mechanisms, Clinical Translation, and Precision Therapeutic Prospects.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- The protective role of companion animal ownership in cognitive aging: current status of the literature.GeroScience · 2026Review
- From Metabolism to Mind: The Cardio-Metabolic-Brain Axis and the Role of Insulin Resistance-A Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Association of the triglyceride-glucose-body mass index with all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with hemorrhagic stroke: a retrospective cohort study from the MIMIC-IV database.Neurosurgical review · 2026Article
- Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Dynamics and Mediation of Triglyceride-Glucose Index on Acute Ischemic Stroke Outcomes.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Association Between Hemoglobin Glycation Index and Delirium Risk in Sepsis Patients in the Intensive Care UnitBalkan medical journal · 2026Article
- Pharmacological modulation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β axis: a new frontier in Alzheimer's disease treatment.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a network of specialized endothelial cells that regulates substrate entry into the central nervous system (CNS). Acting as the interface between the periphery and the CNS, the BBB must be equipped to defend against oxidative stress and other free radicals generated in the periphery to protect the CNS. There are unique features of brain endothelial cells that increase the susceptibility of these cells to oxidative stress. Insulin signaling can be impacted by varying levels of oxidative stress, with low levels of oxidative stress being necessary for signaling and higher levels being detrimental. Insulin must cross the BBB in order to access the CNS, levels of which are important in peripheral metabolism as well as cognition. Any alterations in BBB transport due to oxidative stress at the BBB could have downstream disease implications. In this review, we cover the interactions of oxidative stress at the BBB, how insulin signaling is related to oxidative stress, and the impact of the BBB in two diseases greatly affected by oxidative stress and insulin resistance: diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.