ReviewMicroorganisms2021
The Natural History of Integrons.
Review in Microorganisms, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genetic diversity and mobile genetic element associated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica from broiler chickens in Egypt.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas species and their associated resistomes from natural aquatic environments.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Article
- The plasmid-host fitness landscape: a new paradigm for predicting the fate of mobile resistance.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Review
- Integrons: the hidden architects of bacterial adaptation, evolution, and the challenges of antimicrobial resistance.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2025Review
- Carbapenem-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Trade-Off Between Sanitizer Resistance and Virulence Genes: Genomic Insights intoAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Integrons are anti-phage defence libraries in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Detection of Integrons inInternational journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Mobile genetic elements and wastewater treatment: contaminants of emerging concern, climate change, and trophic transmission.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Correlation between the spread of IMP-producing bacteria and the promoter strength of blaThe Journal of antibiotics · 2024Article
- Microbial biofilms on macroalgae harbour diverse integron gene cassettes.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2024Article
- Detection of resistance integrons among biofilm and non-biofilm producing clinical isolates ofGerms · 2024Article
- Horizontal gene transfer in plant microbiomes: integrons as hotspots for cross-species gene exchange.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Functional enrichment of integrons: Facilitators of antimicrobial resistance and niche adaptation.iScience · 2023Article
- Article
- Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Biofilms.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Fate of Horizontal-Gene-Transfer Markers and Beta-Lactamase Genes during Thermophilic Composting of Human Excreta.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Hiding in Plain Sight: Characterization ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Identification of integrons and gene cassette-associated recombination sites in bacteriophage genomes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Integrons were first identified because of their central role in assembling and disseminating antibiotic resistance genes in commensal and pathogenic bacteria. However, these clinically relevant integrons represent only a small proportion of integron diversity. Integrons are now known to be ancient genetic elements that are hotspots for genomic diversity, helping to generate adaptive phenotypes. This perspective examines the diversity, functions, and activities of integrons within both natural and clinical environments. We show how the fundamental properties of integrons exquisitely pre-adapted them to respond to the selection pressures imposed by the human use of antimicrobial compounds. We then follow the extraordinary increase in abundance of one class of integrons (class 1) that has resulted from its acquisition by multiple mobile genetic elements, and subsequent colonisation of diverse bacterial species, and a wide range of animal hosts. Consequently, this class of integrons has become a significant pollutant in its own right, to the extent that it can now be detected in most ecosystems. As human activities continue to drive environmental instability, integrons will likely continue to play key roles in bacterial adaptation in both natural and clinical settings. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of integrons can help us predict and shape these outcomes that have direct relevance to human and ecosystem health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.