Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34835501›Full record

ReviewMicroorganisms2021

Probiotics Regulating Inflammation via NLRP3 Inflammasome Modulation: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for COVID-19.

Arezina N Kasti, Kalliopi D Synodinou, Ioannis A Pyrousis, Maroulla D Nikolaki, Konstantinos D Triantafyllou

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Microorganisms, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. The Mystery of CertainMicroorganisms · 2025
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Pharmaceutics · 2023
    Article
  15. Heat-killedBioengineering & translational medicine · 2023
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Arezina N KastiDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece.
Kalliopi D SynodinouDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece.
Ioannis A PyrousisDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-2025-3374
Maroulla D NikolakiDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-0546-722X
Konstantinos D TriantafyllouHepatogastroenterology Unit, 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-5183-9426
University General Hospital Attikon · GRNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens · GRUniversity of Patras · GR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Inflammasomes are cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes formed by the host's immune system as a response to microbial infection and cellular damage. Many studies have revealed various regulators of NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, while it has been recently shown that NLRP3 is implicated in COVID-19 pathogenesis. At the same time, probiotics counteract the inflammatory process and modulate cytokine release, thus influencing both innate and adaptive immune systems. Herein, we review the immunomodulatory potential of probiotics on the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms supporting the use of probiotic bacteria for SARS-CoV-2 infection management, presenting evidence from preclinical studies of the last decade: in vivo, ex vivo, and mixed trials. Data show that probiotics intake is related to NLRP3 inflammasome attenuation and lower levels of inflammation markers, highlighting the beneficial effects of probiotics on inflammatory conditions. Currently, none of the ongoing clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of probiotics intake in humans with COVID-19 has been completed. However, evidence from preclinical studies indicates that probiotics may block virus invasion and replication through their metabolites, bacteriocins, and their ability to block Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), and by stimulating the immune response through NLRP3 inflammasome regulation. In this review, the beneficial effects of probiotics in the inflammatory process through NLRP3 inflammasome attenuation are presented. Furthermore, probiotics may target SARS-CoV-2 both by blocking virus invasion and replication and by stimulating the immune response through NLRP3 inflammasome regulation. Heterogeneity of the results-due to, among others, different bacterial strains and their metabolites, forms, dosage, and experimental designs-indicates the need for more extensive research.

Indexed as

inflammasomesmammaliansNLRP3 activationprobioticsSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID34835501
PMCPMC8624812
OpenAlexW3213926150

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.