ReviewMicroorganisms2021
Probiotics Regulating Inflammation via NLRP3 Inflammasome Modulation: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for COVID-19.
Review in Microorganisms, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of probiotics on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with diabetes: a meta-research of meta-analysis studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of probiotics on the risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Probiotic Supplementation Attenuates Polystyrene Nanoplastic-Induced Pancreatic Injury through Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and P2X7 Receptor/Caspase-1 Signaling Pathway in Rats.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Specificity vs. Synergy Between Single-Strain and Multi-Strain Probiotics for Ulcerative Colitis Treatment: A Review of the Literature.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Oxidative Stress-Gut Microbiome Crosstalk: Intestinal Redox Imbalance and Probiotics Therapeutic Potential.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Probiotics and Bacteriocins Against SARS-CoV-2: Therapeutic Frontiers and Mechanistic Insights.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- The effectiveness and safety of specific dietary supplements in modulating uric acid levels, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism in patients: a network meta-analysis of 13 interventions.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Article
- The Role of Inactivation Methods in Shaping Postbiotic Composition and Modulating Bioactivity: A Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Mystery of CertainMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome as a novel therapeutic target for osteoarthritis.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- The Role and the Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Precision nutrition to reset virus-induced human metabolic reprogramming and dysregulation (HMRD) in long-COVID.NPJ science of food · 2024Review
- Gut instinct: harnessing the power of probiotics to tame pathogenic signaling pathways in ulcerative colitis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Heat-killedBioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Article
- The contribution of probiotics for the double-edge effect of cefazolin on postoperative neurocognitive disorders by rebalancing the gut microbiota.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Review of Medical Studies on COVID-19 During the Pandemic Period.The Eurasian journal of medicine · 2022Article
- Targeting autophagy regulation in NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated lung inflammation in COVID-19.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2022Review
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics on COVID-19 Infection by Targeting the Gut-Lung Axis Microbial Cross-Talk.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- COVID-19-induced immune thrombocytopenic purpura; Immunopathogenesis and clinical implications.Le infezioni in medicina · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes formed by the host's immune system as a response to microbial infection and cellular damage. Many studies have revealed various regulators of NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, while it has been recently shown that NLRP3 is implicated in COVID-19 pathogenesis. At the same time, probiotics counteract the inflammatory process and modulate cytokine release, thus influencing both innate and adaptive immune systems. Herein, we review the immunomodulatory potential of probiotics on the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms supporting the use of probiotic bacteria for SARS-CoV-2 infection management, presenting evidence from preclinical studies of the last decade: in vivo, ex vivo, and mixed trials. Data show that probiotics intake is related to NLRP3 inflammasome attenuation and lower levels of inflammation markers, highlighting the beneficial effects of probiotics on inflammatory conditions. Currently, none of the ongoing clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of probiotics intake in humans with COVID-19 has been completed. However, evidence from preclinical studies indicates that probiotics may block virus invasion and replication through their metabolites, bacteriocins, and their ability to block Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), and by stimulating the immune response through NLRP3 inflammasome regulation. In this review, the beneficial effects of probiotics in the inflammatory process through NLRP3 inflammasome attenuation are presented. Furthermore, probiotics may target SARS-CoV-2 both by blocking virus invasion and replication and by stimulating the immune response through NLRP3 inflammasome regulation. Heterogeneity of the results-due to, among others, different bacterial strains and their metabolites, forms, dosage, and experimental designs-indicates the need for more extensive research.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.