Evidence mapPaperPMID 34836170Full record

Trial reportNutrients2021

Adherence to a Plant-Based Diet and Consumption of Specific Plant Foods-Associations with 3-Year Weight-Loss Maintenance and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Secondary Analysis of the PREVIEW Intervention Study.

Ruixin Zhu, Mikael Fogelholm, Sally D Poppitt, Marta P Silvestre, Grith Møller, Maija Huttunen-Lenz, Gareth Stratton, Jouko Sundvall, Laura Råman, Elli Jalo and 8 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Plant-based and sustainable diet: A systematic review of its impact on obesity.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  5. Trial
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  8. Article
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  10. Review
  11. The Nutritarian Women's Health Study (NWHS): Cohort 1.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2025
    Article
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  15. Article
  16. Article
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  18. Review
  19. Plant-based diet for obesity treatment.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Ruixin ZhuDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, Frederiksberg C, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Mikael FogelholmDepartment of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0001-8110-102X
Sally D PoppittHuman Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1042, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0002-2214-8378
Marta P SilvestreHuman Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1042, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0001-9327-2897
Grith MøllerDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, Frederiksberg C, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-6512-8537
Maija Huttunen-LenzInstitute for Nursing Science, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Oberbettringerstrasse 200, 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1034-1613
Gareth StrattonApplied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5618-0803
Jouko SundvallFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland.
Laura RåmanFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland.
Elli JaloDepartment of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-9987-1716
Moira A TaylorDivision of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4100-8343
Ian A MacdonaldDivision of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, ARUK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Svetoslav HandjievDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Teodora Handjieva-DarlenskaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
J Alfredo MartinezDepartment of Nutrition and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5218-6941
Roslyn MuirheadCharles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney 2006, Australia.
Jennie Brand-MillerCharles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney 2006, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-6797-8754
Anne RabenDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, Frederiksberg C, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-5229-4491

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Plant-based diets are recommended by dietary guidelines. This secondary analysis aimed to assess longitudinal associations of an overall plant-based diet and specific plant foods with weight-loss maintenance and cardiometabolic risk factors. Longitudinal data on 710 participants (aged 26-70 years) with overweight or obesity and pre-diabetes from the 3-year weight-loss maintenance phase of the PREVIEW intervention were analyzed. Adherence to an overall plant-based diet was evaluated using a novel plant-based diet index, where all plant-based foods received positive scores and all animal-based foods received negative scores. After adjustment for potential confounders, linear mixed models with repeated measures showed that the plant-based diet index was inversely associated with weight regain, but not with cardiometabolic risk factors. Nut intake was inversely associated with regain of weight and fat mass and increments in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Fruit intake was inversely associated with increments in diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol. Vegetable intake was inversely associated with an increment in diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides and was positively associated with an increase in HDL cholesterol. All reported associations with cardiometabolic risk factors were independent of weight change. Long-term consumption of nuts, fruits, and vegetables may be beneficial for weight management and cardiometabolic health, whereas an overall plant-based diet may improve weight management only.

Indexed as

Cardiometabolic Risk FactorsWeight LossAdultAgedBlood PressureCardiovascular DiseasesCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLDiet, VegetarianFeeding BehaviorFemaleFruitHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLTriglyceridescardiovascular diseasefruitsgrainslegumesnutsobesityplant-based dietary patternsvegetables

Identifiers

PMID34836170
PMCPMC8618731

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.