Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34840719›Full record

ReviewTherapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism2021

NAFLD in type 1 diabetes: overrated or underappreciated?

Jonathan Mertens, Luc F Van Gaal, Sven M Francque, Christophe De Block

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
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  4. Article
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  6. Observational
  7. Review
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  12. Complications of obesity in children and youths with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
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  15. Observational
  16. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jonathan MertensDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4822-4113
Luc F Van GaalDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.
Sven M FrancqueDepartment of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
Christophe De BlockDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0679-3203
University of Antwerp · BE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in western countries, affecting 25-30% of the general population and up to 65% in those with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes. Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue and insulin resistance (IR) contributes to NAFLD. NAFLD is not an innocent entity as it not only may cause nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis but also contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. More and more people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are becoming overweight and present with features of IR, but the prevalence and impact of NAFLD in this population are still unclear. The utility of noninvasive screening tools for NAFLD in T1D is being explored. Recent data indicate that based upon ultrasonographic criteria NAFLD is present in 27% (ranging between 19% and 31%) of adults with T1D. Magnetic resonance imaging data indicate a prevalence rate of 8.6% (ranging between 2.1% and 18.6%). There are, however, multiple factors affecting these data, ranging from study design and referral bias to discrepancies in between diagnostic modalities. Individuals with T1D have a 7-fold higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular mortality is the most prominent cause of death in T1D. Patients with T1D and NALFD are also more prone to develop CVD, but the independent contribution of NAFLD to cardiovascular events has to be determined in this population. Furthermore, limited data in T1D also point towards a 2 to 3 times higher risk for microvascular complications in those with NAFLD. In this article, we will discuss epidemiological and diagnostic challenges of NAFLD in T1D, explore the link between IR and NAFLD and chronic complications, and examine the independent contribution of NAFLD to the presence of macro-, and microvascular complications.

Indexed as

cardiovascular diseasemetabolic syndromeNAFLDrenal diseasetype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID34840719
PMCPMC8613893
OpenAlexW3215301353

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.