ReviewBrain, behavior, & immunity - health2021
Targeting inflammation in depression: Ketamine as an anti-inflammatory antidepressant in psychiatric emergency.
Review in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential Inflammatory Biomarkers for Major Depressive Disorder Related to Suicidal Behaviors: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Ketamine preserves perineuronal nets in chronic stressed mice brain through the inhibition of microglia activation.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Pleiotropic modulation of the gut-brain-lung axis by ketamine and its enantiomers.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Sedation as an Immunomodulator of Inflammatory Responses in the Lung-Brain Axis of ARDS.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Ketamine reduces microglial activation and brain monocyte infiltration and promotes peripheral regulatory immune cells, relieving lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior in mice.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation and treatment resistance in major depressive disorder.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Ketamine and dodecyl maltoside synergy as a potential topical therapeutic approach for melanoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Epigenetics and immunology: Under-recognized aspects of suicidality.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- Ketamine Reverses Chronic Stress-Induced Behavioral Changes via the Expression of CaFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Modulation of neuroimmune cytokine networks by antidepressants: implications in mood regulation.Translational psychiatry · 2025Review
- The psychedelic-peptide paradox: a hormetic hypothesis.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Review
- Low-dose ketamine infusion to facilitate opioid tapering in chronic non-cancer pain with opioid-use disorder: a historical cohort study.Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025Article
- New Agents in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: What Innovations and in What Areas of Psychopathology?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Ketamine as adjuvant treatment in eating disorders: an exploratory study of a case series and retrospective analysis.Journal of eating disorders · 2025Article
- Effect modification of tumor necrosis factor-α on the kynurenine and serotonin pathways in major depressive disorder on type 2 diabetes mellitus.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- Ketamine Prevents Inflammation-Induced Reduction of Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis via Inhibiting the Production of Neurotoxic Metabolites of the Kynurenine Pathway.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Ketamine's mechanism of action with an emphasis on neuroimmune regulation: can the complement system complement ketamine's antidepressant effects?Molecular psychiatry · 2024Review
- Cool the Inflamed Brain: A Novel Anti-inflammatory Strategy for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Mechanisms of Sustained Increases inBrain sciences · 2023Article
- Folate and Its Significance in Depressive Disorders and Suicidality: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder with multifactorial aetiology and complex pathophysiology. Despite availability of various pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies, treatment resistant depression (TRD) remains a significant challenge with specific concern for those patients with severe depressive symptoms in particular suicidal ideations who require immediate and effective intervention. Inflammation has been widely studied for its association with MDD and treatment response. Ketamine known as a dissociative anaesthetic has a novel rapid-acting antidepressant effect at lower doses. Anti-inflammatory actions of ketamine appear to play a role in mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effects. Considering the rapid antidepressant action of ketamine, this review provides a brief overview of antidepressant properties of ketamine as well as its effects on peripheral and central inflammation to better understand the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic action of ketamine as an anti-inflammatory antidepressant target in psychiatric emergency. Development of effective medications, which act rapidly with dual effect on both inflammation and MDD would be of a significant clinical importance for a successful and personalised treatment of inflammatory-induced TRD and suicidal thoughts and behaviour.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.