Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34852941›Full record

ReviewMolecular aspects of medicine2022

The enzymatic function of the honorary enzyme: S-nitrosylation of hemoglobin in physiology and medicine.

Richard T Premont, David J Singel, Jonathan S Stamler

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular aspects of medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Dysregulated ProteinCirculation research · 2025
    Article
  3. S-nitrosylation of pVHL regulates βProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  4. The Molecular Pathology of Pre-Eclamptic Hypertension.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025
    Article
  5. The Ever-Expanding Influence of the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025
    Review
  6. Regulation of nitric oxide generation and consumption.International journal of biological sciences · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Hemoglobin and cerebral hypoxic vasodilation in humans: Evidence for nitric oxide-dependent andJournal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2023
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Strategies of Pathogens to Escape from NO-Based Host Defense.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Review
  13. A New Model of Hemoglobin Oxygenation.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Richard T PremontInstitute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
David J SingelDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
Jonathan S StamlerInstitute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. Electronic address: jss156@case.edu.
University Hospitals of Cleveland · USMontana State University · US

Funding

Regulation of Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling by S-NitrosylationP01HL075443 · NHLBI · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI XIAO, KUNHONG · 2004 to 2019
$26.1M
Project 3 - Personalized cystic fibrosis treatment strategies with synergistic therapies Identified in vitro.P01HL128192 · NHLBI · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI GASTON, BENJAMIN · 2016 to 2020
$12.2M
S-nitrosylation signaling in asthmaP01HL158507 · NHLBI · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI LAHM, TIM · 2021 to 2025
$12.0M
Restoration and Function of S-Nitrosothiol in Stored BloodR01HL126900 · NHLBI · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI JONATHAN S. STAMLER · 2016 to 2026
$5.0M
Novel Regulation of Renal Function by S-NitrosylationR01DK119506 · NIDDK · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI JONATHAN S. STAMLER, Hualin Zhou · 2018 to 2026
$3.7M
NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL075443NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL128192NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL158507NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL126900NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK119506
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The allosteric transition within tetrameric hemoglobin (Hb) that allows both full binding to four oxygen molecules in the lung and full release of four oxygens in hypoxic tissues would earn Hb the moniker of 'honorary enzyme'. However, the allosteric model for oxygen binding in hemoglobin overlooked the essential role of blood flow in tissue oxygenation that is essential for life (aka autoregulation of blood flow). That is, blood flow, not oxygen content of blood, is the principal determinant of oxygen delivery under most conditions. With the discovery that hemoglobin carries a third biologic gas, nitric oxide (NO) in the form of S-nitrosothiol (SNO) at β-globin Cys93 (βCys93), and that formation and export of SNO to dilate blood vessels are linked to hemoglobin allostery through enzymatic activity, this title is honorary no more. This chapter reviews evidence that hemoglobin formation and release of SNO is a critical mediator of hypoxic autoregulation of blood flow in tissues leading to oxygen delivery, considers the physiological implications of a 3-gas respiratory cycle (O

Indexed as

S-NitrosothiolsVasodilationErythrocytesHemoglobinsHumansHypoxiaOxygenHemoglobinsOxygenS-NitrosothiolsAllosteryErythrocyteHypoxic vasodilationOxygen deliveryS-Nitroso-hemoglobinS-Nitrosothiol

Identifiers

PMID34852941
PMCPMC8821404
OpenAlexW3215785619

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.