ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2021
Gender-Related Differences in Chest Pain Syndromes in the Frontiers in CV Medicine Special Issue: Sex & Gender in CV Medicine.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Patient and Physician Perspective of Chronic Coronary Syndrome and Persistent Stable Angina in Brazil.Cardiology and therapy · 2026Review
- A multidimensional item response theory analysis of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire: measurement precision, differential item functioning, and potential for item reduction.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Supine sleep position and angina frequency: an analysis from the sleep heart health study.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Article
- Knowledge, attitude and practice in patients with non-obstructive coronary ischaemia in Xinjiang: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Article
- Relationship between symptoms, sociodemographic factors, and general practice help-seeking in 10 904 adults aged 50 and over.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Type I Kounis syndrome in a young woman without chest pain: a case report.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Article
- Evaluating Ischemic Heart Disease in Women: Focus on Angina With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries (ANOCA).Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions · 2024Review
- [Gender perspective in the care experience and in the results of patients who consult for chest pain in an emergency department].Archivos de cardiologia de Mexico · 2024Observational
- Position Statement on Ischemic Heart Disease - Women-Centered Health Care - 2023.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2023Article
- IgG4-related disease as a variable-vessel vasculitis: A case series of 13 patients with medium-sized coronary artery involvement.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2023Article
- Chest Pain in Women: Gender- and Sex-based Differences in the Presentation and Diagnosis of Heart Disease.US cardiology · 2023Review
- Are we any WISER yet? Progress and contemporary need for smart trials to include women in coronary artery disease trials.Contemporary clinical trials · 2022Review
- Periodontitis and Other Risk Factors Related to Myocardial Infarction and Its Follow-Up.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Gender Particularities and Prevalence of Atypical Clinical Presentation in Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Article
- Lymphatic endothelial sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 enhances macrophage clearance via lymphatic system following myocardial infarction.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among both women and men, yet women continue to have delays in diagnosis and treatment. The lack of recognition of sex-specific biological and socio-cultural gender-related differences in chest pain presentation of CAD may, in part, explain these disparities. Sex and gender differences in pain mechanisms including psychological susceptibility, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity, and visceral innervation likely contribute to chest pain differences. CAD risk scores and typical/atypical angina characterization no longer appear relevant and should not be used in women and men. Women more often have ischemia with no obstructive CAD (INOCA) and myocardial infarction, contributing to diagnostic and therapeutic equipoise. Existing knowledge demonstrates that chest pain often does not relate to obstructive CAD, suggesting a more thoughtful approach to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and medical therapy for chest pain in stable obstructive CAD. Emerging knowledge regarding the central and ANS and visceral pain processing in patients with and without angina offers explanatory mechanisms for chest pain and should be investigated with interdisciplinary teams of cardiologists, neuroscientists, bio-behavioral experts, and pain specialists. Improved understanding of sex and gender differences in chest pain, including biological pathways as well as sociocultural contributions, is needed to improve clinical care in both women and men.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.