ReviewThe Biochemical journal2021
NAD+-consuming enzymes in immune defense against viral infection.
Review in The Biochemical journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of GS-441524 derivatives as potent SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 inhibitors via a direct-to-biology approach.European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Development of GS-441524 Derivatives as Potent SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 Inhibitors via a Direct-to-Biology Approach.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- NADThe Journal of general virology · 2026Review
- Beyond Viral Restriction: The Metabolic Dimensions of Interferon-Stimulated Genes in Antiviral Immunity.Viruses · 2026Review
- CD38 is a key mediator of NADiScience · 2025Article
- Correlation between concentrations of NAMPT and NMNAT1 and the risk of upper respiratory infections in the island reef.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Article
- Review
- Tankyrases positively regulate influenza A virus replication via type I interferon response.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Chronic Cellular NAD Depletion Activates a Viral Infection-Like Interferon Response Through Mitochondrial DNA Leakage.Aging cell · 2025Article
- Environmental desiccation stress induces viable but non culturable state in Neisseria meningitidis.Archives of microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Unveiling Promising PARP12 Inhibitors through Virtual Screening for Cancer Therapy.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Article
- The Role of Vitamins, Magnesium, and Trace Elements in COVID-19 Treatment and Post-COVID-19 Rehabilitation: An Updated Overview.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Article
- Identification of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 9 (PARP9) as a Potent Suppressor forPhenomics (Cham, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Hypocortisolemic ASIA: a vaccine- and chronic infection-induced syndrome behind the origin of long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Functionally comparable but evolutionarily distinct nucleotide-targeting effectors help identify conserved paradigms across diverse immune systems.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- NADNature communications · 2023Article
- Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) alleviates the poly(I:C)-induced inflammatory response in human primary cell cultures.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic reminds us that in spite of the scientific progress in the past century, there is a lack of general antiviral strategies. In analogy to broad-spectrum antibiotics as antibacterial agents, developing broad spectrum antiviral agents would buy us time for the development of vaccines and treatments for future viral infections. In addition to targeting viral factors, a possible strategy is to understand host immune defense mechanisms and develop methods to boost the antiviral immune response. Here we summarize the role of NAD+-consuming enzymes in the immune defense against viral infections, with the hope that a better understanding of this process could help to develop better antiviral therapeutics targeting these enzymes. These NAD+-consuming enzymes include PARPs, sirtuins, CD38, and SARM1. Among these, the antiviral function of PARPs is particularly important and will be a focus of this review. Interestingly, NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes are also implicated in immune responses. In addition, many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 contain a macrodomain-containing protein (NSP3 in SARS-CoV-2), which serves to counteract the antiviral function of host PARPs. Therefore, NAD+ and NAD+-consuming enzymes play crucial roles in immune responses against viral infections and detailed mechanistic understandings in the future will likely facilitate the development of general antiviral strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.