Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34877553›Full record

ArticleBrain, behavior, & immunity - health2021

The association between cytokines and psychomotor speed in a spectrum of psychotic disorders: A longitudinal study.

Jeanette Brun Larsen, Solveig Klæbo Reitan, Else-Marie Løberg, Maria Rettenbacher, Øystein Bruserud, Tor Ketil Larsen, Liss Anda, Christoffer Bartz-Johannessen, Erik Johnsen, Rune A Kroken

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 42% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Jeanette Brun LarsenDepartment of Mental Health, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
Solveig Klæbo ReitanDepartment of Mental Health, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
Else-Marie LøbergNORMENT, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Maria RettenbacherDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Øystein BruserudDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Tor Ketil LarsenDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Liss AndaDepartment of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Christoffer Bartz-JohannessenNORMENT, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Erik JohnsenNORMENT, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Rune A KrokenNORMENT, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Haukeland University Hospital · NONorwegian University of Science and Technology · NOInnsbruck Medical University · ATStavanger University Hospital · NO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn schizophrenia, impaired psychomotor speed is a common symptom predicting worse functional outcome. Inflammation causes changes in white matter integrity, which may lead to reduced psychomotor speed. Therefore, we wanted to investigate if peripheral inflammation assessed with cytokines affected performance on psychomotor speed in patients with a spectrum of psychotic disorders.

methodsThe current study is a prospective cohort study, including participants from a pragmatic, randomised controlled trial comparing three atypical antipsychotics in patients with a spectrum of psychotic disorders. For the purposes of this sub-study, we analysed drug treatment groups collectively. Psychomotor speed was assessed at baseline, and at weeks 6, 12, 26 and 52 of follow-up, using the neuropsychological tests trail making test (TMT) A and B, and symbol coding. Serum concentration of the following cytokines were measured: interleukin (IL)-β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL12 p70, IL-17a, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 1, 3, 6, 12, 26, 39 and 52 weeks. We analysed the effect of cytokines levels on psychomotor speed over time in linear mixed effects models.

resultsIn our linear mixed effects models controlling for possible confounders, IFN-γ had a significant negative effect on TMT-A and symbol coding performance. None of the other tests for psychomotor speed were significantly associated with cytokines. Overall psychomotor speed performance increased significantly across the study period while cytokine levels remained stable.

conclusionOur study indicates a negative association between IFN-γ and psychomotor speed, which might be of importance when understanding the mechanisms behind psychomotor deviations in psychotic disorders.

Indexed as

BMI, body mass indexCognitionCytokineshs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive proteinIL, interleukinImmune markersInflammationMRI, magnetic resonance imagingMS, multiple sclerosisPANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome ScalePsychomotor performancePsychomotor speedRCT, randomised controlled trialSchizophreniaSCID-I, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I DisordersTMT, Trail Making TestTNF, tumor necrosis factor

Identifiers

PMID34877553
PMCPMC8633579
OpenAlexW3216346427

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.